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Space weather has a close connection with the interaction of the Earth and the Sun. As equatorial country, the characteristic features of the climate of Malaysia are uniform temperature, very high humidity and copious rainfall. Malaysia has an average of temperature of 26.7 °C per year. Therefore, it is suitable to monitor the Sun. In the following work, we will emphasize the development of Sun monitoring in Malaysia. The number of observatories are increasing. A dedicated work to understand the Sun activity in radio region is a part of an initiative of the United Nations together with NASA in order to support developing countries participating in „Western Science‟ research. Realizing how important for us to monitor the space weather, therefore, we have been utilizing the new radio spectrometer, CALLISTO (Compound Low Cost Low Frequency Transportable Observatories) spectrometer. Malaysia is one of the earliest country from South- East Asia (ASEAN) that involve this research. One of the advantages to start the solar monitoring in Malaysia is because our strategic location as equator country that makes possible to observing a Sun for 12 hours daily throughout a year. We strongly believe that Malaysia as one of contributor of solar activity data through E-CALLISTO network. This is a very good start for developing a space weather in Malaysia. With the implementation of CALLISTO systems and development of solar monitoring network, a new wavelength regime is becoming available for solar radio astronomy. Overall, this article presents an overview of space weather in Malaysia. With the present level of the international collaboration, it is believed that the potential involvement of local and international scientist in space weather will increase.
Relative to the established and well known rice diseases, sheath brown rot caused by Pseudomonas fuscovaginae can be considered new but getting widespread and serious all over the world. Our research was aimed to monitor and quantify the incidence and importance of the disease in Malaysia. A series of field monitoring and sampling were conducted to quantify the incidence and severity of the disease. Laboratory analysis of the collected diseased plant was done to identify the causal organism. Disease resistance screening of selected rice cultivars were also conducted to overcome the problem. The disease was found to become more important, prevalent and widely spread throughout rice growing areas in Peninsular Malaysia. Infected plants in the field became yellowish, lower leaf sheaths turned light or dark brown, while grains produced by an infected plant were discoloured, malformed and empty. The highest disease incidence was recorded in the state of Pahang (62%) and Selangor (62%), while the most severe infection was recorded in Pahang (55%) and Terengganu (61%). The evaluations of varietal resistance evaluation showed that the pathogen naturally infected all tested rice varieties at different levels of infection. Several rice varieties i.e. MR240, MR243, MR244, MR245, MR246, MR248 and MR249, classified as moderately resistant to the disease, could be recommended for planting in the next planting season.
Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage is a common source of nosocomial infection and colonization. The aim of the present study was to assess the burden of methicillin-resistant S. aureus nasal carriage, its association with factors of interest including its genetic relationships. The prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage was found to be 28.7%. This study showed that patients with a history of previous antibiotic intake, nasogastric tube, and longer hospitalization had a significantly high risk of being MRSA nasal carriers. The genetic relationship of all 34 nasal MRSA isolates revealed four major clusters of isolates, and there was a relationship between MRSA isolated from inpatients and healthcare workers.
A total of 26 isolates of Fusarium proliferatum and F. sacchari were isolated from rice in the Peninsular Malaysia and Kalimantan, Indonesia. Spontaneous chlorate-resistant sectors (CRSs) were recovered from all wild type of both Fusarium species when cultured on two chlorate media. The non-utilizing (nit) mutants were generated as crn (chlorate resistant, nitrate utilizing), nit1, nit3 and nitM based on phenotyping growth-types on diagnostic media with different sources of nitrogen. The nit mutants were paired on minimal medium (MM) for examining the vegetative compatibility. The majority of nit mutants (32.3-46.5%) recovered were nit1. Eight and seven vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) of F. proliferatum and F. sacchari were identified, respectively. The isolates of F. proliferatum and F. sacchari were genetically diverse as shown by the number and distribution of the VCGs. No strong correlation was observed between VCGs of both species and location.
Human activities such as logging, land conservation, road construction and other disturbances in watersheds will increase erosion rate and thus the amount of sediment transported into the river that reaches lakes, reservoirs and sea. Accelerated sedimentation rate in the reservoir can signifi cantly reduce a reservoir’s surface area, eliminating wetland area surrounding the reservoir and shallow the areas near the shore of the reservoir. A study of sedimentation rate in the Timah Tasoh water reservoir was carried out from May 2001 to April 2002 by means of sediment traps. The aim of this study is to determine the spatial and temporal pattern of sedimentation rates in the reservoir. The sediment traps were installed at five different locations in the reservoir and replaced every month. Gross sedimentation rates measured in the sediment traps vary from about an average of 1.4 kg/m2/month or 16.3 kg/m2/yr in the deepest part of the reservoir to about 79.2 kg/m2/yr (monthly average of 6.6 kg/m2/month) and 47.1 kg/m2/yr (monthly average of 3.9 kg/m2/month) near the inlet of the Pelarit River and the Tasoh River respectively. The sedimentation rate near the Pelarit River and the Tasoh River inflow is correlated with the water and suspended sediment discharge in the river, owing to its proximity to the rivers and the fl ooding effect, mainly during the wet season. The sedimentation rate decreases southward along the reservoir, as a result of increasing distance from the river mouth. The total suspended sediment load of the Upper Pelarit River and the Jarum River flowing into the reservoir is 11.4 × 103 ton/year and 5.41 × 103 ton/ /year respectively.
Ten new species of the genus Laena Dejean, 1821 (Tenebrionidae: Lagriinae) are described from the Malayan Peninsula (L. benderaica sp. nov., L. jeraica sp. nov., L. kelantanica sp. nov., L. penangica sp. nov., L. tanahratica sp. nov.), Thailand (L. ellenae sp. nov.) and Laos (L. Ьгтгсжсгг sp. nov., L. geiseri sp. nov., L. kresli sp. nov., L. pacholatkoi sp. nov.). The aedeagus of L. champasaka is figured for the first time. Identification keys are added for the 18 species from Malaysia and for the 7 species from Laos; the species from Laos are mapped.
A new recent species Pilaria sarawakiensis n. sp. (Diptera, Limoniidae, Limnophilinae) from the Oriental region (Borneo, Malaysia) is described and compared to the congeners.
Important results of the Radio Frequencies Interference (RFI) at the National Space Centre, Sg Lang Selangor, Malaysia has been reported. In order to make sure that the data of solar monitoring in radio region is reliable, we need to study the variation of interference and the possible sources that contribute to this interference. This data has been taken from 1-2000 MHz at the main site of installation e-CALLISTO system. The study is one of a main part of an initiative of e-CALLISTO networking research in order to identify the main RFI sources and to monitor continuously the behavior of the RFI at the site. Our main objective is to qualify the potential of monitoring a continuous radio emission of the Sun. This work is also an initiative of the International Space Weather Initiative (ISWI) project where Malaysia is one of the countries that joined the e-CALLISTO network. Due to our results this site showed the positive impact for the solar monitoring purpose. It is hoped that the survey will continue from time to time in a consistent mode so that any polluted signal for radio astronomy purpose can be protected. Overall, we can still get a good solar burst data, especially at 40-400 MHz. Perhaps, we can contribute the good data for solar burst monitoring towards the maximum cycle beginning the end of this year 2013.
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