State Forests, sharing the responsibility for preservation of natural and cultural heritage, conduced to successive undertaking of coming into existence one of the most modern plant gene bank in Europe. It is located in the immediate vicinity of ecological disaster which occurred in the Western Sudeten and Karkonosze Mountains. The mission of protecting and preserving the gene resources of dying-out tree populations of Sudeten provenance of silver fir, common spruce or European larch, was charged to Forest Gene Bank (FGB) with the task by General Director of State Forests. Soon the mission was broaden to the whole country when the FGB was included into Programme of forest gene resources protection and selection breeding in years 1991-2010@. The aims of the Programme are collecting and preservation of forest gene resources of all woody plants species both in situ as progeny plantations and gene conservation plantations and ex situ as living gene banks called clone archives, seed orchards and half-sib seed orchards but also the aims concentrate on gathering the most valuable gene resources of both, single trees and shrubs and the populations of trees in gene banks. Long-term storage of seeds and other parts of plants is performed by traditional methods in low temperatures and liquid nitrogen. 5077 gene resources are stored in FGB including both, the populations and single trees. A great challenge for the FGB is also trying to preserve the other plants (including the ones from areas not administered by the State Forests) and especially seeds and other parts of plants of Recalcitrant type and other woody plants, shrubs and herbaceous plants shown in the Red Book and on the areas of NATURA 2000.
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