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The rich and well-preserved bone material of six shrew species extracted from the filling of a karstic cavity near the town of Varshets (Prebalkan region, North Bulgaria) is described. The samples of Beremendia fissidens, Asoriculus gibberodon, Sorex cf. minutus and S. runtonensis represent relatively large forms of these species, while Petenyia hungarica does not grately differ from the other European populations. The Varshets record of S. runtonensis extends the stratigraphical range of the species into the Late Pliocene. The skull fragments determined as Mafia aff. csarnotensis show that this species has four upper antemolars; this number has not so far been known and the studied material contributes to the characteristic of this poorly known genus. The position of the Varshets assemblage within the context of the temporal and spatial variation of the species composition and structure of 23 Pliocene and Early Pleistocene shrew associations from Europe is assessed by correspondence analysis. The results point to a mosaic environment under a relatively warm and dry climate. On the basis of this analysis the ecological interpretation of Asoriculus gibberodon as a strict dweller in wet forests is questioned. The comparisons indicate that it tends to occur in shrew associations related to mosaic landscapes dominated by shrubby and open habitat patches.
One hedgehog (Erinaceus cf. lechei), two moles (Talpa cf. levantis and "Scalopoides" cf. copernici), one shrew-mole (Quyania aff. polonica), and one desman (Desmana cf. polonica) are described from a Late Pliocene (MN17) karst fissure filling near the city of Varshets. Although the material is relatively well preserved, the exact determination was not possible because of the small samples and the fact that the taxonomy of the fossil forms from these groups is in a state of confusion. Up to now Late Pliocene remains of "Scalopoides" copernici and Quyania polonica have been known from Poland only. The occurrence of similar forms in Bulgaria during the Villanyian is considered as a relic situation, due to locally favorable conditions. The described insectivore assemblage is indicative of a temperate and humid climate, similar to the present-day conditions in SE Bulgaria.
The brown frogs (Rana temporaria-group) are a monophyletic group in the family Ranidae, which have a scarce fossil record in Europe that begins only in the Late Pliocene. A new fossil from the Dietrichsberg locality (Germany, Thuringia) extends their stratigraphic range back to the Early Miocene, and suggests that their origin lies outside the Western Palaearctic, most probably in Asia, with subsequent immigration in the Burdigalian.
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