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Butter continues to be readily purchased by consumers. The wealth of ingredients makes it a fat of exceptional nutritional value. Storage changes, particularly oxidation changes of butter fatty acids, are a major problem. Therefore, attempts are being made to slow these changes. This research presents an attempt at determining the effect of addition of L-ascorbic acid on fatty acid stability in butter during storage at 4°C. This study has shown that L-ascorbic acid affected contents of mono- and polyunsaturated acids in a statistically relevant way, but only after three and four weeks of storage.
This paper describes the optimization of the geometry of investigated system - L-ascorbic acid and cadmium octahedral complex. The research was carried out using semi-empirical CNDO calculations with minimization based on Polak-Ribiere conjugate gradient method. The structures have been confirmed with spectrophometric experiments.
The aim of the work was to determine the effect of sugar, pectin, and L-ascorbic acid added to strawberries on the selected physico-chemicaI and organoleptic traits of the frozen product. Powdered sugar at a dose of 10 g per 100 g of fruit or as the 60% syrup was used without any other substance or with an addition of pectin or ascorbic acid. The pectin preparation in a 1,5% solution at a dose of 10 g per 100 g of fruit was used with or without the ascorbic acid.
The aim of this paper is to present the chemical behaviour of cuprum (II) and mercury (II) in chelate complexes with L-ascorbic acid in alkaline solution. The results were interpreted by the spectroscopy method. Composition and total stability constants of the complexes were determined by Jacymirski method. In solution in with pH =9, H2 Asc forms complexes of the type [Me(Asc)2]-2; Me:L = 1:2. The complexes are of medium stability.
The spectrophotometric FIA method was used to determine L-ascorbic acid in rats exposed to cadmium (5 ppm, 50 ppm) and zinc (250 ppm). An attempt has been made to explain the nature of complexes which are formed in the system Me(II) - H2Asc - H2O and the interactions between these compounds in an organism.
The aim of 3 -year experiment was to evaluate quality and chemical composition of blue honeysuckle berries cultivar 'Czarna' and non-specified seedling "N" as de­pendent on time of ripening. The results obtained showed that berries harvested later were bigger but less firm. Furthermore, an increase of soluble solids content was observed in fruit of both cultigens at the end of harvest (for seedling "N" from 11 to 13.5% and for 'Czarna' from 9.8% to 12.6%). On the other hand, for late-harvested berries of both cultigens 20% decrease of titratable acidity and vitamin C was noticed. In berries of seedling "N" at the beginning of harvest 232 mg 100 g-1 of total polyphe­nols was determined, whereas the late ripening fruit contained 284 mg 100 g-1 of total polyphenols. Similar relation was observed in 'Czarna' berries (an increase from 164 mg 100 g-1 to 221 mg 100 g-1). The berries of late harvest contained more antho- cyanins (167 mg 100 g-1 in 'Czarna' and 227 mg 100 g-1 in seedling "N") as compared to early collected ones (122 and 173 mg 100 g-1 for, 'Czarna' and "N", respectively). Hydroxycinnamic acids content varied from 37.0 to 29.3 mg 100 g-1, respectively, for early and late collected berries of seedling "N" and from 22.3 mg 100 g-1 to 26.6 mg 100 g-1 for early and late harvested berries of 'Czarna'. Among flavonols, quercetin-3-rutinoside, quercetin-3-glucoside and two unidentified flavonols with retention times 26 min and 32 min, were determined. Luteolin 7-O-a-glucoside content varied from 4.59 to 7.05 mg 100 g-1 in the early and late harvested berries of seedling "N" and from 3.12 mg 100 g-1 in the early to 4.25 mg 100 g-1 in the late harvested berries of 'Czarna'.
This study was designed to examine the effect of high dose of L-ascorbic acid (L-AA) as a dietary supplement for rats on the phagocytic activity and oxidative burst of non-specific immune cells. Thirty Wistar rats (225-245 g initial body weight) were divided into three groups fed diet supplemented with 0.0, 0.3, and 0.6% L-AA (0, 187 and 375 mg L-AA/kg feed) for 41 days. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were analysed for selected indicators of non-specific immunity. The application of 0.6% of LAA, as compared to the remaining two groups reduced phagocytic activity measured as a number of opsonized E. coli cells consumed by neutrophiles and monocytes. However, 0.6% of dietary AA supplementation led to increased phagocytic monocytes and neutrophiles percentage,which produced reactive oxygen species after stimulation with opsonized bacteria (E. coli), phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and the chemotactic peptide N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP).These results indicate that megadose (0.6%) of dietary AA can reduce an oxygen-independent phagocytosis, but increase the number of neutrophiles and monocytes representing the oxygendependent mechanism of killing.
Broad bean seeds, with a high nutritional value at green maturity stage, are used for direct human consumption and in food processing. However broad bean green seeds had as a very shortly time to use because the green seeds very quickly lost the white-green fresh colour. The aim of the study was to evaluate the content of biologically active substances in fresh broad bean seeds immediately after the harvest and seeds from pods stored for a week under low temperature conditions. Experimental material consisted of fresh, green broad bean seeds of Bachus, Basta, R-366/1, Bolero, Jankiel Biały, and Windsor Biały cultivars. Broad bean seeds were sown in the second decade of April at 60 × 10 cm spacing, 100 seeds per plot of 6.0 m2 area. Broad bean pods were harvested once at the stage of technological maturity of seeds in the second and third decade of July. Marketable seed samples of 500 g were collected for laboratory tests. At the same time, immediately after the harvest, samples of 2 kg marketable broad bean pods of each cultivar were collected and storage within 7 days at 1–4°C. The contents of L-ascorbic acid, chlorophyll (a + b), flavonoids (QE), free phenolic acids sum (CAE), and dry matter were determined in broad bean seeds directly after the harvest as well as in the seeds from the pods stored for 7 days. In the results of the investigation indicate that green faba bean seeds from the storage pods had a good white-green colour and marketable quality, however the seeds had the significantly lowest content of L-ascorbic acid and chlorophyll (a + b). The content of selected biologically active substances in the seeds after storage in the pods indicates a significant difference in dependence on cultivar.
Bazylia pospolita (Ocimum basilicum L.) jest rośliną jednoroczną, z rodziny jasnotowatych (Lamiaceae), której świeże i suszone ziele stosowane jest w przemyśle kosmetycznym, farmakologicznym, perfumeryjnym oraz w gastronomii. Jako gatunek pochodzący z klimatu ciepłego ma wysokie wymagania termiczne. Zapobiegając działaniu niskiej temperatury, szczególnie w okresie wiosennych przymrozków, bazylię pospolitą uprawia się z rozsady, jednak należy ustalić optymalny termin wysiewu nasion, dla uzyskania odpowiedniej jakości i wielkości plonu surowca przyprawowego. W tym celu w latach 2010-2012 przeprowadzono doświadczenie polowe w układzie losowanych podbloków w trzech powtórzeniach. W szklarni wysiano nasiona czterech ekotypów bazylii pospolitej (zielonolistnej, czerwonolistnej, cynamonowej oraz cytrynowej) w dwóch terminach (30 marca i 14 kwietnia). Badaniu poddano plon świeżego i suchego ziela bazylii pospolitej, a następnie przeprowadzono ocenę składu chemicznego świeżego surowca przyprawowego, określając w nim zawartość: suchej masy, kwasu L-askorbinowego, cukrów ogółem i redukujących. Analizując wyniki badań wykazano, że uprawiane eko-typy Ocimum basilicum L. istotnie różnicowały wielkość plonu oraz skład ziela. Największym średnim plonem w toku trzyletnich badań charakteryzowała się bazylia cynamonowa, zaś najmniejszy średni plon ziela pozyskano z bazylii czerwonolistnej, której surowiec przyprawowy zawierał najmniej suchej masy, kwasu L-askorbinowego oraz cukrów ogółem. Najwięcej suchej masy oraz kwasu L-askorbino-wego zawierała bazylia zielonolistna, zaś największą zawartością cukrów ogółem charakteryzował się surowiec przyprawowy bazylii cynamonowej. Największą zawartością cukrów redukujących odznaczała się bazylia pospolita cytrynowa, a najmniejszą – bazylia zielonolistna. Analiza terminu siewu nasion w drugim oraz trzecim roku badań wykazała, iż wcześniejszy termin siewu istotnie zwiększał wielkość plonu oraz zawartość cukrów ogółem.
The purpose of this work was the evaluation of yielding and the content of some chemical ingredients of Japanese bunching onion yield obtained from forcing in greenhouse conditions. Plants used for forcing were from field cultivation and had the pseudostem trimmed in the autumn of each year (2002, 2003 and 2004) at the height of 2-4 and 8-10 cm. In the spring of the following year (2003, 2004 and 2005) from the middle of March, the plants were forced in a heated greenhouse (temperature 16-20°C) and an unheated one (temperature 6-12 °C). The whole yield was evaluated when the plants reached the market size for bunching. The weight and height were determined in the plants, as well as the number of laterals and leaves in clusters. In green shoots and the pseudostem, the content of dry weight, total and reducing sugars, L-ascorbic acid, flavonoids and phenolic acids were determined. Very high yield of plants useful for bunching was obtained (average 13.7 kg·m⁻² of area). The plants with a longer pseudostem before forcing yielded better. The conditions of forcing did not have a significant influence on the size of the obtained yield, but the content of L-ascorbic acid and flavonoids was much higher (especially in green shoots) in the plants from forcing in the unheated greenhouse. Lower temperature at the time of forcing was favorable to higher reducing sugar content, especially in the pseudostem. Japanese bunching onion turned out to be useful for forcing for harvest in bunching form.
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