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Aura
|
1996
|
nr 01
18-19
Canadian forests play an immense role in shaping the global climate. Forest resource management is one of the most important economic sectors in Quebec, the second largest Canadian province. 86 per cent of the forest resources are public. Legal regulations, especially the Forest Act, match the principles of UN environmental regulations. Fire is the largest threat to Quebec forests. Forty million dollars are spent on fire protection, 85 per cent of which is spent on prevention, fire detection, etc.
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88%
Globally, rangelands occupy over 33% of naturally occurring lands. In many countries rangeland management plays a significant role in the total food production (the United States, Canada, Australia). Proper utilisation of these areas requires maintenance of equilibrium between biological and physical site components in order to achieve animal productivity adjusted to the natural yield potentials of the given site. The presented study discusses possibilities of utilisation of uncultivated land as exemplified by methods applied in the Canadian state of Saskatchewan. Rangelands found in Poland comprise primarily farmland left uncultivated for several years or idle meadows and pastures. They undergo natural processes of succession the direction of which is not always in accordance with man' s needs and does not guarantee maintenance of land economical value. These areas occupy in Poland approximately 1 million 800 thousand ha and are prognosticated to increase already at the beginning of the 21st century. Management of rangelands should be based on principles of applied ecology. One of the first steps in the process of management of these areas in Poland should be to develop a system of their evaluation and regeneration taking into consideration domestic economical and social conditions. One of the methods useful for this purpose in the process of regeneration of grass communities and re-introduction of grass species will undoubtedly be overdrilling. The apparent pro-ecological character of this method favours its application for wide use in the process of management of rangelands in Poland. However, bearing in mind current domestic socio-economic conditions, it will still take some time before this can be realised.
In 2001 the authorities of Toronto (Ontario, Canada) decided to launch a new, promising municipal waste management program called Zero-Waste. This decision coincided with the need to build a new landfill because of the exceeding of the capacity of the existing one. The plan assumes that municipal waste will be transported to disposal facilities located in other regions, including the US. The program is aimed at waste reduction below 5%, to approach the symbolic zero. Details in the article.
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