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We analysed chromosome lengths, karyotype structure, and nuclear DNA content (flow cytometry) in diploid (2n=20) and triploid (2n=30) European H. lupulus var. lupulus, American H. lupulus var. neomexicanus (2n=20) and Japanese ornamental hop, H. japonicus (F/2n=16; M/2n=17). Diploid female representatives of H. lupulus var. lupulus and H. l. var. neomexicanus differed in total length of the basal chromosome set (23.16 µm and 25.99 µm, respectively) and nuclear 2C DNA amount (5.598 pg and 6.064 pg) but showed similar karyotype structure. No deviation from the additivity, both in chromosome length and 2C DNA amount was evidenced in triploid monoecious H. lupulus (2n=30, XXY). H. japonicus showed different karyotype structure, smaller basal chromosome set (F/18.04 µm, M/20.66 µm) and lower nuclear DNA amount (F/3.208 pg and M/3.522 pg). There are first evaluations of nuclear genome size in diploid, not commercial representative of European H. lupulus var. lupulus and American H. lupulus var. neomexicanus and first attempt to determine the absolute male and female genome size in two Humulus species.
The composition of the hop extract obtained by extraction with liquid C02 under differ­ent conditions has been investigated. The highest yield of extract (9.7%) is obtained at temperature of 18-22°C, pressure of 54-58 atm. and time of 210 min. The extract contains 44.6% of a- and 19.3% of ß-acids and it can be used in brewing.
In the hop collection, the accessions of one species - Humulus lupulus L. are gathered. Genetic resources of hop are maintained in the field. Evaluation of accessions covered morphological characteristics and economic traits such as alpha acid content and alpha acid stability during cones storage. In the years 2004-2005, 35 hop cultivars representing aroma and bitter types were evaluated. The examined accessions were characterized by a great variation of morphological traits, particularly the length of lateral shoots. Alpha acid content which is the most important characteristic for brewing industry, fluctuated between 2.4% and 10.6% in aroma cultivars and between 5.4% and 13.9% in bitter hops. A high variability of storage stability of alpha acid content was observed. During six months of storage at room temperature a decrease of alpha acid content fluctuated between 7.4% and 37.8%. Gathered genotypes are a potential source of valuable economic traits which can be used by breeders to release new hybrids with good yield quality and also well adapted to our climatic and soil conditions.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of hop male parents on the alpha acid content in their progenies. The alpha acid content was determined in four populations of progenies obtained from crossing high alpha cultivars Magnum and four male plants selected from 150 accessions held in hop male germplasm collection. An average content of alpha acid fluctuated between 6.2% in KG1 progeny and 8.4% in KG3 progeny. The significant differences between populations were observed. The variability coefficient was within the range from 20.9% in KG4 progeny to 43.4% in KG1 progeny. The most valuable (for breeding) were male plants 4/24 and 4/11 because in their progenies there were plants with 18% higher alpha acid content as compared to the Magnum cultivars.
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Plonowanie chmielu na nowotomyskich glebach lekkich

63%
Соответствующие исследования проводились в 1982 - 1985 гг. в местности Циха Гура около г. Новы Томысль на обводненной песчаной почве причисленной к V-ому бонитационному классу. Участие фракции песка (1,0 - 0,1 мм) в слое 0 - 45 см удерживалось в пределах 82%. Анализ охватывал 4 сорта хмеля и 8 селекционных клонов. Полученные результаты показали, что в данных средовых условиях можно получать высокие урожаи хмеля (около 3,0 т/га) с условием подбора соответствующих сортов. Стандартный сорт Любельски давал самые низкие урожаи среди всех испытуемых сортов. Первые два места с урожаем на около 100% выше стандартного сорта заняли клоны обозначенные как PCU 180 и LGR 380. Дополнительным преимуществом указанных клонов является хорошее технологическое качество сырья, что установлено в сенсорной оценке пива.
The hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is one of the most infected plants by viruses. Preparation of apical meristems in combination with heat therapy was successfuly used for obtaining of virus-free hop plants in various countries in the world. In our experiments we prepared the meristems both before and after the heat therapy. Hop plants regenerated from such meristems were free not only from the thermolabile ILAR-viruses, but in the great number also from the thermostable CARLA - viruses. The method of virus elimination and micropropagation of virus-free plants in vitro, described in this paper, enables to obtain a large number of virus-free plantlets in a short time.
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