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Wpływ czasu moczenia na teksturę nasion soi

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Celem pracy była ocena zmian właściwości tekstury nasion soi odmiany Polan i Legenda spowodowanych moczeniem. Nasiona soi poddawano obróbce polegającej na moczeniu w wodzie o temperaturze 20ºC przez 2 godziny, a następnie poddawano je badaniom wytrzymałościowym. W trakcie procesu moczenia następował spadek wartości twardości i żujności nasion soi. Zmiany twardości oraz żujności dla odmiany Polan opisano funkcją liniową. Z każdą minutą moczenia wartość twardości spadała średnio o 1,71 N, a żujności o 0,3 N. Zmiany wartości twardości oraz żujności dla odmiany Legenda opisano funkcją wykładniczą. Wyznaczone współczynniki równań wskazują na to, że z każdą minutą notowano 2-procentowy spadek twardości oraz 4-procentowy spadek żujności.
Soybean cultivation is becoming more and more popular in many countries, including Poland, due to the high nutritional value of its seeds, its resistance to diseases and pests, as well as lower propensity to lodging compared to other legumes. Under the climatic conditions of Poland, soybean yield is largely dependent on weather conditions in a particular growing season, primarily temperature and rainfall. Studies on the effect of tillage systems used for soybean cropping under the climatic conditions of Poland are scarce. This proves the need to continue such research. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) on yield, weed infestation and seed qualitative composition of the ‘Mazowia’ soybean cultivar grown under the conditions of the Lublin Upland. A field experiment was carried out in the period of 2009-2012 at the Czesławice Experimental Farm (51°18′23″N 22°16′2″E). In 2010 the soybean plantation was terminated due to adverse weather conditions and related inhibited plant emergence. The experiment was set up on loess-derived grey-brown podzolic soil as a split-block design in four replicates. The present study showed that the soybean seed yield obtained under conventional tillage conditions was higher by 14.6% compared to that obtained under no-tillage. A higher plant density after emergence and before harvest as well as a higher plant height were found in the conventional tillage treatment. The protein, oil and fibre content in soybean seed was significantly affected only by weather conditions in particular growing seasons. A higher weed weight and richer floristic composition of weeds were found under no-tillage conditions in relation to conventional tillage.
Odmiana GAJ (PGR 294) została wyselekcjonowana z krzyżówki międzygatunkowej szwedzkiej odmiany Fiskeby V (Glycine max) z linią 11 (Glycine soja), którą wykonano w KGiHR AR Poznań w 1987 roku. Rośliny tej odmiany charakteryzowały się obfitym wzrostem i tworzeniem licznych pędów bocznych powodujących krzaczasty typ wzrostu. Rośliny odmiany GAJ osiągały wysokość 84 cm i zawiązywały najniższy strąk na poziomie 13,1 cm od powierzchni gleby w łanie o zagęszczeniu około 60 roślin na metrze kwadratowym. Rośliny odmiany GAJ były sztywne i odporne na wylęganie. Odmiana GAJ przewyższała pod względem plonu nasion i białka z hektara dotychczas zarejestrowane odmiany soi w Polsce. Szczególnie dobrze plonowała w lata bardzo ciepłe i suche, co wskazuje na jej odporność na suszę.
The studies were conducted in the years 1998–2000 on soybean, cv. Polan. The purpose of the studies was to conduct microbiological and mycological analyses of the leaves and pods of soybean. Bacteria and fungi were obtained much more often from the diseased soybean parts as compared to the healthy ones. 778 fungi isolates were obtained as a result of the mycological analysis of the leaves and pods of soybean. Fusarium spp. and Phomopsis sojae were most frequently isolated within pathogenic fungi. Their proportion was 17.5% and 7.8% of all the fungi, respectively. On the other hand, the isolated saprophytic fungi included for example the species from the genera of Acremonium, Cladosporium, Gliocladium, Penicillium and Trichoderma as well as Aureobasidium pullulans and Epicoccum purpurascens. Besides, about a four times lower number of antagonistic microorganisms (Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Gliocladium spp., Penicillium spp., Trichoderma spp.) was isolated from the infected soybean parts in comparison to the number of microorganisms isolated from the healthy parts.
The possible ameliorative effects of quercetin on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] leaves exposed to UV-B radiafion were conducted in greenhouse. The symmetrical leaves supplied with quercetin sofufion (0.2 %, 1 %) were exposed to UV-B radiation (0, 3.5, 6.5 kJm⁻²d⁻¹). 0.2 % quercetin ameliorated leaf photosynthesis, improved leaf water content (LWC), and decreased lipid oxidation. The unfavorable effect on photosynthetic parameter was displayed in 1 % quercetin treatment. The effect of quercetin on phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity varied with the quercetin concentration, UV-B radiation intensity and leaf development. In the later development polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity was increased significantly by quercetin treatments. We suggested that quercetin with suitable concenfrafion could serve as UV-B protective agent partly due to its antioxidant capacity.
Compatibility between rhizobial inoculants and fungicides used for seeds treatment remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the fungicide Funaben T (thiram – 45%, carbendazim – 20%) on the nodulation of soybean (Glycine max cv. Nawiko) inoculated with two Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains (USDA 110 and USDA 123). Reduced nodulation of soybean was observed in the treatments with fungicide applied and fertilized with nitrogen (80 kg ha–1). The strongest depression of nodulation was observed when both treatments were used simultaneously.
Soybean daddawa is a popular condiment made by fermenting dehulled seeds of soybean (Glycine max); it is commonly used in soups in the soybean growing areas of Nigeria. Soybean daddawa prepared using three different processing methods (traditionally fermented seeds, seeds fermented with salt (NaCl) and seeds fermented with starter cultures) was evaluated for biochemical changes in ambient storage conditions. The fermented product was assessed for pH, titratable acid, peroxide, free fatty acids, antioxidant capacities as well as water and fat absorption capacities as indices of deterioration. pH of stored samples increased in the alkaline range, titratable acidity of samples also increased with storage. Peroxide values of samples increased significantly from 3.87 meq/kg on first day of storage to 30.73 meq/kg in two weeks on naturally fermented soy daddawa samples. Values obtained for FFA also increased with storage period, while, antioxidant capacity, water and fat absorption capacities decreased drastically with storage. Although, the values obtained for the parameters monitored differed with the methods of processing, the differences were not significant (p > 0.05) however; values obtained at the start of the experiment and after 14 days of storage differed significantly. Most of the biochemical changes in monitored functional properties of the samples became noticeable on the 4th and 6th day of storage. The results are discussed with reference to food safety and shelf-life of the product.
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