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The aim of the studies was to establish the prevalence of Giardia intestinalis in Szczecin population. The studies were carried out in 1991-1996. In this period 46 584 persons - 22 371 adults and 24 213 children were examined. Faecal samples were examined with two methods - coprological and immunoenzymatic (ELISA) test. A total of 356 persons (0.78%) were found to be infected with G. intestinalis. No statistically significant differences between the infection rate of adults and children were observed. The adults were infected in 0.73% and the children in 0.80%. The analysis of the annual dynamics of G. intestinalis infection shows twice as large infection rate in September- October (1.18 %) as in the remaining months (0.66 %).
Giardia intestinalis infection is a common cause of diarrhoea in humans and other mammalian species throughout the world. This report describes a case of a dog suffering from diarrhoea, infected with G. intestinalis, effectively treated with azithromycin. Azithromycin is an azalide, semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic having a large spectrum of activity against bacterial pathogens and some protozoa. In this case, Giardia infection in a dog was confirmed by microscopic examination and PCR. Sequencing of the detected Giardia amplicon confirmed infection with assemblage A-I. The dog received azithromycin administered at dose of 10 mg/kg per os, once a day for 5 days. After the therapy, the diarrhoea stopped. Effectiveness of the treatment was also confirmed by PCR and microscopic examination. This is the first report on the therapy of canine giardiosis with azithromycin. It seems that azithromycin can be considered as promising antibiotic for the control of Giardia infection in dogs.
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Cutaneous manifestation of giardiasis - case report

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Giardia intestinalis is a protozoan parasiting the gastrointestinal tract of vertebrate hosts widely distributed throughout the world. Patients with giardiasis are usually asymptomatic but the presence of the parasite may lead to a variety of clinical manifestations, including skin lesions. In this report we present a case of a 31-year-old female patient with skin lesions of granuloma annulare type confirmed by a skin biopsy, who was diagnosed with giardiasis. The clearance of the skin lesions after antiparasite treatment seems to support correlation between dermatological symptoms and infection with Giardia intestinalis.
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According to the data from the last 4 years, 3.8% of all diagnosed parasitoses are giardiases. During 5 years Giardia intestinalis was found in 24 chiidren hospitalized in the General Hospital of the Wrocław Voivodship: in 14 girls and 10 boys, 2-12 years old. The parasite was identified coproscopically and on the basis of clinical symptoms. Before the medication, the blood was taken from each child to determine the serotonin level and the (MAO) monoaminooxydaze, enzyme metabolizing serotonin acivity in the blood serum. The results were compared to the values obtained in the control group of 10 healthy children, 3-12 years old. III children were divided into two groups: first consisted of 12 children, 2-5 years old, second - of 12 children, 6-12 years old. In the first group 210% increase of the serotonin level in the blood and slight 32,4% increase of the MAO activity were observed in comparison with the control group. In the second group the serotonin level in the blood increased 221 % in comparison with the control, while the MAO actmty increased 45.1 %. In older children marced clinical symptoms could be observed, mainly malfunction of the alimentary tract, microelements shortage and anemia. The highest level of serotonin and MAO activity was found in the child with bile duet irritation. The reason for the increased level of serotonin and MAO activity can be pathogenic action of parasite's trophozoites and cysts on the jejunum mucosa and mobilization, proliferation and degranulation of tissue mastocytes. Serotonin, released from mastocytes, can be the cause of enhanced peristalsis and mucosa congestion.
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