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Herba Polonica
|
2009
|
tom 55
|
nr 3
147-152
Chemical analyses aimed to evaluate the contents of free phenolic acids, flavonoids and tannins at different anatomical parts of three wild strawberry cultivars: ΄Regina`, ΄Rugia` and ΄Baron von Solemacher`, originating from agrotechnical experiments, were carried out at Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin in 2008–2009. The differentiation of determined biologically active substances depending on a leaf part was observed. Mean contents of phenolic acids and flavonoids were the highest at leaf blades of ΄Rugia` amounting 1.27% and 2.66%, respectively. No significant differences in tannins contents depending on a cultivar were recorded, although leaf blades accumulated significantly higher quantities of tannins than petioles.
Gene pool variation of twenty varieties and breeding clones of Fragaria × ananassa, nine varieties and breeding lines of Fragaria vesca, and one new interspecific hybrid designated Fragaria × anavesca was analysed with three DNA marker systems. ISSR reactions with four primers produced 45 polymorphic markers. Similarly, RAPD analyses with three primers produced 26 markers and SSR method with three primer pairs revealed 28 different alleles. The total number of 99 polymorphic markers allowed distinguishing clearly a group of F. × ananassa genotypes from that of F. vesca genotypes with F. × anavesca in between of these two. RAPD markers proved to be more informative than ISSRs as 3 of 26 were specific to F. × ananassa only and one exclusively to F. vesca and F. × anavesca. Thus, the presumed hybrid nature of F. × anavesca was effectively confirmed by RAPD markers. Especially important was the 1100bp long PCR product of the B104 primer present in all F. vesca genotypes as well as in F. × anavesca but absent in F. × ananassa. Presence of F. vesca DNA in the hybrid F. × anavesca was additionally corroborated by the 223bp product of the UDF017 primer pair and the 185bp-long band generated with the UDF006 primer pair.
Herba Polonica
|
2009
|
tom 55
|
nr 3
140-146
The chemical diversity within wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) species was studied depending on its origin (natural vs cultivated). The herb was collected at the full flowering stage. Following items were determined in collected material: flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, anthocyanins, as well as anti-oxidation activity (%) was evaluated by means of ability to neutralize the DPPH radicals. Contents of studied biologically active substances depended on the plant origin. Extracts made from examined raw materials showed no differences in the ability to reduce DPPH radicals to diphenylopicrylohydrazine.
Herba Polonica
|
2009
|
tom 55
|
nr 3
153-162
The qualitative and quantitative composition of essential oils obtained from whole leaves and inflorescences of two cultivars wild strawberry (΄Rugia` and ΄Baron von Solemacher` cv.) by means of steam and xylene distillation method, was compared. Material harvested at full flowering stage in 2008 and 2009 was subjected to study. Depending on a cultivar, air-dry inflorescences from wild strawberry contain from 0.21% (΄Baron von Solemacher` cv.) to 0.30% (΄Rugia` cv.), whereas leaves contains from 0.46% (΄Baron von Solemacher` cv.) to 0.62% (΄Rugia` cv.) of essential oils. GC/MS analysis of essential oils achieved from studied materials revealed presence of 70 (including 59 identified) compounds in leaves of ΄Rugia` cv. and 58 (including 50 identified) compounds in leaves of ΄Baron von Solemacher` cv. Essential oils from inflorescences of ΄Rugia` cv. contained 52 (including 47 identified), while ΄Baron von Solemacher` cv. contained 54 (including 46 identified) compounds. The chromatographic analyses by GC-MS revealed that myrthenol, nonal, linalool and phthalide dibuthyl dominated in essential oils obtained from leaves, while myrthenol, citronelol, linalool and geraniol – from those of inflorescences. There were qualitative differences between oil components at both studied materials and differentiation between both cultivars, as well.
The studied material were the fruits of 7 wild species: dog rose (Rosa canina L.), blackberry (Rubus caesius L.), elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.), blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.), rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.) and wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.). The fruits were subjected to an antioxidant activity assay (AA). Two methods were used: FRAP and ABTS. The fruit samples were also subjected to analyses for phenolics (recalculated onto gallic acid) by means of the Folin-Ciocalteau method. The fruit samples were subjected to vitamin C analyses as well, applying the Tilmans' method. Dog rose fruits were characterized by the largest antioxidant capacity - 127.78±1.85 mM Fe100 g-1 of fresh mass (FRAP method) and 38.75±0.33 ^M TEg-1 of fresh mass (ABTS method). At the same time, they con­tained the largest amounts of vitamin C - 1252.37±6.58 mg100 g-1 of fresh mass and phenolics - 3217.28±11.94 mg100 g-1 of fresh mass. Blackthorn, rowan and wild strawberry had the lowest antioxidant capacity of all the fruits studied. The examin­ation confirmed a high correlation between antioxidant capacity, and vitamin C and phenolics content in fruits.
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