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The aim of the paper was to present the clinical data in four cases of flavobacteria infections in fish cultured in Poland and to characterize the isolates. The cases occurred in September 2005 and in February and March 2006 in three trout farms and one carp farm. In the first case, Fl. psychrophilum and Fl. columnare were isolated from apparently healthy rainbow trout. In the second case, common carp showed clinical signs specific for columnaris disease and abundant growth of bacteria producing yellow colonies was observed in skin and gills samples. The bacteria of separated isolates were identified as Fl. columnare. In the third case, abundant growth of flavobacteria was obtained from rainbow trout fry population with haemorrhages in the yolk sac and numerous mortalities. Separated isolates were identified as Fl. psychrophilum and Fl. branchiophilum. In the fourth case, skin darkening and mortalities were observed in rainbow trout after moving to another farm. An abundant growth of bacteria from kidney and intestine samples was obtained and yellow colonies grew uniformly or predominated over other bacterial flora. Fl. psychrophilum was identified among the isolates. In total, 17 isolates were identified. All the isolates showed characteristics specific for flavobacteria: they grew on Cytophaga agar, produced yellow colonies with spreading, wrinkled or whole edges (dependend on bacteria species). Cultures comprised Gram-negatie, long cells without spores or fruiting bodies (except for three isolates). Other phenotypic properties were consistent with those of reference strains used in the studies. The isolates identified as Fl. columnare, Fl. branchiophilum or Fl. psychrophilum varied little in their range of properties with regard to data of other authors.
A glucose-nonfermenting Gram-negative bacterial strain isolated from bronchofiberoscope used for examination of the patients suffering from pulmonary diseases was subjected to phenol-water extraction. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) isolated from the water and the phenol phase differed in fatty acid composition. Both contained xylose, glucose, glucosamine and components typical for LPS, namely heptose, 3-deoxyoctulosonic acid (Kdo) and 3-hydroxymyristic acid. The presence of sphingosine in all LPS preparations classifies the strain to the genus Sphingomonas.
This work presents the results of research on quantitative and qualitative composition of heterotrophic bacteria in waters from 11 wells and 3 piezometric bore-holes in Omulewski Reservoir Aquifer before liquidation of large cattle and swine farms (in 1989-1991) and after their liquidation (1994-1995). Examinations concerning the number of indicatory heterotrophic microorganisms on TGY medium showed fluctuations in the number (from some to several thousand CFU/1 cm3 of water) depending on the way of utilization of the soil and the research period. Gram-negative rods (44-79%) dominated in 241 water samples taken from wells and piezometric bore-holes in both research periods. Gram-positive coccus (3-32%) and cells rod-shaped (3-19%) were not so numerous. The strains: Achromobacter, Flavobacterium and Xanthomonas dominated among Gram-negative bacteria irrespective of the research period and group of wells. Gram-positive bacteria were mainly represented by: Bacillus, Sarcina and Micrococcus.
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