Przedstawiono skalę emigracji siły roboczej z Polski, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem wyjazdów do Niemiec. Zaprezentowano rolę pracowników pracowników z Polski w rozwoju Niemiec. Wskazano, ze nie oczekuje się zwiększonego napływu migrantów z Polski po jej integracji z UE.
This paper presents the main trends in rural development in Ukraine. Attention is particularly paid to the agriculture as the main economic activity in rural areas. The authors of this paper also analyze the characteristics of distribution of agricultural land, the structure of agricultural production, as well as the structure of total household resources. The main demographic trends are shown concerning the rural population, their ethnicities, religious background. Their mentality and way of thinking is also revealed.
The concept of the European integration has been increasingly used since it became more and more valuable. This term is mainly employed in case of the process of the regular integration of countries within Europe dealing with several spheres, such as: economic, legal and political. The greatest success of the European integration is, first of all, the function of the European Union. Europe, or we should say the countries that integrate there have several objectives, which refer to the promotion of the economic and social progresses as well as strengthening of the economic cooperation, moreover, strengthening the union concept as the political creation, improving and increasing the standards of living, developing the areas of the freedom, security and justice, leading to the origination of the European citizenship and also creating one huge economic structure. The European integration has been developing increasingly and it has been successful in many spheres. There was the investigation among students carried out in order to find out the basis of the preparation and decision-making associated with the principles, directions and pace of the perspective development of the education in the field of the foundations of the enterprise in favour of the society functioning in the sphere of the European integration. The deficiencies in the range of the enterprise and the European integration were discovered on their basis. Choosing a young age group, as a target group in this case is justified by the role they play in the society, and therefore, in the process of creating the European society.
Despite the vast natural ressources in terms of area, agriculture has not been able to exploit its potential to its full extent, in spite of huge efforts and — in most countries — succesful developments, restructuring of agriculture and the food industries is still far from being finished- There is need to persuade more market elements into the agri-food proccessors. The key priorities of the Slovak agri-food sector have to be: market and trade policy, structure of agricultural enterprises, know-how and overtaking the experiences, monitoring, evalution and program control of modernisation and inovation, education of managers and economists.
The main objective of this article was to present the opportunities and threats development of small- and medium-sized enterprises. The survey showed that the most important internal factor having an impact on firm conditions is location close to sale markets and high quality of products and services. According to entrepreneurs, market development and widening of product range are the main opportunities for development. However, the majority of entrepreneurs indicated financial barriers and competition as the greatest threats. Most of the entrepreneurs indicated low product quality, lack of product suppliers and high prices as the main internal factors worsening their firms’ financial situations.
Since 1990, Swedish agriculture has stagnated in production, while the number of firms and employed persons has fallen considerably. Even other factors of production than labour and the size of the livestock have fallen somewhat. We can yet observe, that Swedish agricultural firms have become larger, regarding non-human factors. Two explanations for this are investigated: Economies of scale, defined as falling average costs, when production is rising, and the old system of support by the CAP, which was related to total production. The CAP support system is changing from production support to firm and income support. The future will show, whether Ecomonies of Scale (EOS) is the explanation of the growing Swedish farm size or not.