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The leaves of Eucalyptus globulus (eucalyptus) are used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of eucalyptus on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced damage in pancreatic islands by stereological methods. Fifty mature normoglycaemic male Wistar rats, weighing 200–250 g, were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 10): control; STZ-induced diabetic (D) — by intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin; treated control (TC); and treated diabetic (TD₁, ₂), respectively, received 20 and 62.5 g/kg of eucalyptus in their diet, and 2.5 g/L aqueous extract of eucalyptus in their drinking water from one week after induction of diabetes. After four weeks of the experiment, stereological estimation of volume density and total volume of islets and beta cells, volume-weighted mean islet volume, mass of the islets and pancreas, and total number of islets were carried out. Administration of eucalyptus significantly decreased the weight loss and increase of water and food intake in the treated diabetic groups in comparison to the STZ-induced diabetic (D) group. Volume density and total volume of islets, volume-weighted mean islet volume, mass of islets, and mass of pancreas of both treated diabetic groups were higher than the D group. In TD₂, these stereological parameters increased significantly compared to the D group (p < 0.001). Volume density and total volume of beta cells increased 21% and 65%, respectively, in the TD₂ group, but it was not statistically significant compared to the diabetic group (p > 0.05). The results suggested that Eucalyptus globulus with a dose-dependent manner ameliorates diabetic states by partial restoration of pancreatic beta cells and repair of STZ-induced damage in rats. This study suggests a beneficial effect of eucalyptus in the treatment of diabetes. (Folia Morphol 2010; 69, 2: 112–118)
The present work was planned to determine the median lethal doses (LD₅₀) and to evaluate the haematological and biochemical changes, and histopathological effects of the essential oils from eucalyptus Eucalyptus globules L. and clove Eugenia caryophyllus on liver and kidney of albino rats. The LD₅₀ was 2,334.4 and 3,597.5 mg/kg b.w. of eucalyptus and clove oils, respectively. Obtained data revealed that 1/10 LD₅₀ of both tested oils resulted in a significant increase in WBC counts and produced a significant decrease in haemoglobin concentration and platelets count at 5th and 10th doses, as well as RBC counts (-17.1 and -9.4% below normal level) at 10th dose. The activities of serum GOT and GPT enzymes were a significant increase at 5th and 10th doses in treated rats by both tested oils. While two essential oils had mild effect on kidney function, these oils produced a significant increase in creatinine and urea concentration at the 10th dose. Histopathological studies on liver and kidney revealed that both essential oils caused relatively moderate pathological changes in the liver as congestion of the blood vessels in the portal area associated with inflammatory infiltration. Also, two tested oils induced desquamation of the epithelial cells of the renal tubules.
The input of rain water to the forest floor and the composition of rainfall and throughfall water were monitored between October 2001 and September 2002 in a natural and two plantation (Eucalyptus globulus and Cupressus lusitanica) forests at Munesa, southeastern highlands of Ethiopia. The proportions of throughfall to annual incident rainfall that passed through the different forest canopies were 53% under Cupressus and the natural forest and 82% under Eucalyptus. Annual nutrients deposition by rainfall varied from 0.08 kg ha-1 yr-1 for Mg to 3.79 kg ha-1 yr-1 for Na. Wash-off of materials deposited on the canopy surface and leaching of intracellular solutes from the canopy resulted in an enrichment of throughfall fluxes in K, Mg, Ca and Cl relative to rainfall and varied among forest types, being highest under natural and Eucalyptus forests and lowest under Cupressus. Sodium, NO3–N, NH4–N, SO4–S and PO4–P fluxes in throughfall were depleted relative to rainfall, but the magnitude of net depletion was different for the different elements; highest for Na (3.87 kg ha-1 yr-1) followed by NH4–N (2.85 kg ha-1 yr-1) and lowest for PO4–P (0.42 kg ha-1 yr-1). The amount of canopy uptake and leaching were generally low in the dry season and increased sharply towards the wet season.
The dynamics of nutrients in water passing through the forest floors of two plantation forests (Cupressus lusitanica and Eucalyptus globulus) and an adjacent natural forest were monitored over a one year period at Munesa, Ethiopia. The results showed that, in all forest types, after K, Ca and Cl were the most abundant nutrients leached from the forest floor to the mineral soil. The concentration of NO3–N in the natural forest was about 10 times higher than that of NH4–N, but 8 and 3 times higher than that of NH4–N under Eucalyptus and Cupressus, respectively. No significant differences in concentrations of most of the nutrients were observed among forest types, but magnesium and NO3–N were significantly higher under the natural forest and Eucalyptus than under Cupressus. Except for NH4–N, which was depleted in relation to throughfall in the natural forest, the concentrations of all other nutrients were enriched in litter leachate in relation to both rainfall and throughfall. However, with the exceptions of NO3–N in all forest types, Ca under Cupressus and PO4–P under Cupressus and Eucalyptus, all measured nutrient fluxes from the forest floor to the mineral soil decreased in relation to throughfall fluxes. Generally, the results show that despite the differences in tree species composition among the forest types the organic layer acted as a sink for most of the nutrients coming via throughfall.
Zasadność stosowania leków roślinnych w chorobach układu oddechowego wynika z tradycji i w wielu przypadkach dobrze udokumentowanego działania. W niniejszej pracy zaprezentowano ich podział na leki hamujące odruch kaszlowy, działające do nich przeciwnie, tzn. wykrztuśnie, przedstawiono także surowce o silnym działaniu przeciwbakteryjnym i takie, które powodują efekt spazmolityczny w mięśniach gładkich dróg oddechowych.
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