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The article presents the works on the formation of the spatial development infrastructure in the Federal Republic of Germany. Information is given about the successive political and administrative stages that had impact on the form and scope of the German infrastructure both on the federal and the national levels, and their connection with the European INSPIRE initiative. The content of the German spatial information infrastructure is a result of the assumptions made during the construction of the system (e.g. improvement and lowering the cost of administration, facilitation of management through access to the current spatial data), and needs that were recognised during the preliminary works. The INSPIRE directive is inscribed in this system; however it is not its goal. The German experiences may constitute a model to the works carried out in Poland, particularly in terms of the goal and serviceability of the spatial information system which is now under construction.
One of the main problems encountered in the ESDI making is to determine what spatial data sets should be classified to the ‘Land Use’ theme. This is due to different understanding of this term by experts or the scientific communities. The article presents the results of analyses of the spatial data sets submitted in the ‘Land Use’ theme in Spain in recent years. The changing entries number in monitoring sheets over the years shows that the creation process of IDEE is still highly dynamic. There is a need to determine the scope of individual themes, need to supplement or resignation of certain data sets, and standardize content of others. These claims are also reflected in the ‘Land Use’ theme. A large variety of spatial data sets relating especially to the current land use indicates a lack of clarity of what data should be submitted.
The article is an analysis of the databases submitted in topic 3.4 'Spatial Development' to the register managed by the Surveyor General of Poland to 12 December 2013. The article discusses the issues of legal conditions related to the documents constituting local legal acts and documents which are not local legal acts but were submitted to the above-mentioned register as spatial databases. Also, the results of a questionnaire concerned with the submitted databases were presented and their conformity with the assumptions of the created spatial information infrastructure was analysed.
The paper concerns the access to the public information regarding local spatial planning in Poland. Particular attention is given to the spatial information disseminated on the Internet in compliance with the guidelines of the INSPIRE Directive of the European Parliament and Council. The study area of the project was Opolskie Voivodeship in southern Poland. An analysis was executed of the availability of local spatial planning acts, including their graphical parts, on the municipal websites and in the Bulletin of Public Information (BIP). The analysis included completeness of these documents and their available data formats. Moreover, websites of the municipalities / communes (Polish: gminy) were checked for availability of interactive maps or geoportals serving spatial data, especially regarding land use and spatial planning data from local spatial planning documents. The research revealed that the availability of the documents on the Web is currently broad, however not all graphical attachments are included and some, especially older, but still binding, documents are not available at all, despite the legal obligation. On the other hand, the availability of the spatial data regarding spatial planning (related to the INSPIRE "Land use" data theme) via local geoportals is very low. Even in the case of communes having their own geoportals, the spatial planning information is rarely presented and network services for spatial data dissemination (WMS, WFS) are not available. The study area was only one region (voivodship) however a general conclusion can be extrapolated that Polish communes are currently not prepared for the implementation of the INSPIRE Directive guidelines within the scope of the "Land Use" data theme.
Geoportals are complex web services offering access to the spatial data by the means of various types of services for metadata discovery, map viewing, data download. National geoportals in many countries are serving as central nodes of national spatial information infrastructures. In the European Union the establishment of national geoportals is a part of the process of implementation of the INSPIRE Directive, which regulates the rules for establishment of these infrastructures. Geoportal.gov.pl, a service managed by the Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography (GUGiK), fulfills this role in Poland. The Geoportal offers access to various layers of information useful for spatial planning purposes. It is a relatively new source of information for urban planners and other groups of users (launched in 2008). The service shall enable gathering information related to the current topography, land use or land partition, performing multi-directional analyses based on various reference and thematic data layers. Sporadic technical problems with the functioning of the service or lacks in coverage of the whole country area for some data layers (EGiB - the cadastre, TBD - the topographic database) and problems with up-to-dateness of the data in relation to the existing users' needs (e.g. in case of ortophotomaps), do not dampen the high functionality and usefulness of the Geoportal. Certainly, the full extent of the analytical capabilities of the "desktop GIS" software (specialized GIS software, installed on the user's computer) is not available in this case. More vital is the legal issue concerning the opportunities for the use of data downloaded from theservice for commercial and non-commercial purposes (permissions, fees) and for the purposes of execution of public tasks. Recently (June 2012) a test (beta) version of the new service "Geoportal 2" has been launched. The new service is intended to have much extended functionality. The projects currently executed by GUGiK are a part of the national informatization policy and the process of establishing of electronic administration (e-administration) in Poland, also aiming to bound the national spatial information infrastructure with the European network, in the framework of the implementation of the INSPIRE Directive.
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