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Size and localisation of knots in timber from mountain spruce stands in the Dolomites

100%

Barszcz A., Sandak A., Sandak J.

Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry

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2010

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tom 52

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nr 1

The aim of the study was evaluation of knots in wood of 150-year-old Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] in stands situated at the altitude of 1450– 1740 m above sea level in the Dolomites in Italian section of the Alps. In selected stands, spruce trees were cut down and their length, stem thickness, height to the crown base and stem diameters at every 1 m along the length of merchantable bole were measured. The diameter of knots was measured and they were classified according to their healthiness and the degree of their tightness with the surrounding wood. The relative knot diameters were calculated and the relative height of their location on stem was determined. In total on sample trees there were analysed 1070 knots, of which sound knots (close to 75%) and tight (more than 60%) prevailed. Sound and tight knots had largest diameters, relative diameters and relative heights of location on merchantable boles. The smallest diameters and relative diameters were indicated by rotten and not tight knots that were located at the lowest merchantable bole parts.

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Knottiness of spruce stems from the Dolomites as the basis for distinguishing quality zones in roundwood

100%

Barszcz A., Sandak A., Sandak J.

Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry

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2010

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tom 52

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nr 2

3

The ferns of the Late Ladinian, Middle Triassic flora from Monte Agnello, Dolomites, Italy

80%

Kustatscher E., Dellantonio E., Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert J. H. A.

Acta Palaeontologica Polonica

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2014

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tom 59

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nr 3

Several fern remains are described from the para-autochthonous early late Ladinian flora of the Monte Agnello (Dolomites, N-Italy). The plants are preserved in subaerially deposited pyroclastic layers. Some ferns, known already from the Anisian and Ladinian of this area, are confirmed (Neuropteridium elegans), but several taxa are described for the first time (Phlebopteris fiemmensis sp. nov., Cladophlebis ladinica sp. nov., Chiropteris monteagnellii sp. nov.). Cladophlebis sp. and some indeterminable fern remains cannot yet be assigned to any family. Phlebopteris fiemmensis is now the oldest formally established species in the genus. The fern family Dipteridaceae (Thaumatopteris sp. and some fragments probably belonging to the Dipteridaceae because of their venation) has not been recorded previously from European sediments as old as the Ladinian. Although stratigraphically attributed to the late Ladinian, the flora is markedly distinct from other Ladinian floras of the Dolomites and the Germanic Basin. The flora from Monte Agnello shows a higher diversity in ferns than coeval floras from this area although characteristic elements of the Ladinian of the Dolomites such as Anomopteris and Gordonopteris are missing. The new flora misses also the Marattiales (e.g., Danaeopsis, Asterotheca) and other elements such as Sphenopteris schoenleiniana, typical for the Ladinian of the Germanic Basin.

Ograniczanie wyników

2 Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry

1 Acta Palaeontologica Polonica

2 Barszcz A.

2 Sandak A.

2 Sandak J.

1 Dellantonio E.

1 Kustatscher E.

1 Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert J. H. A.

1 2014

2 2010

Size and localisation of knots in timber from mountain spruce stands in the Dolomites

Knottiness of spruce stems from the Dolomites as the basis for distinguishing quality zones in roundwood

The ferns of the Late Ladinian, Middle Triassic flora from Monte Agnello, Dolomites, Italy