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Influence of fruit development and ripening on the changes in physico-chemical properties, antiradical activity and the accumulation of polyphenolic compounds were investigated in Maoluang fruits. Total phenolics content (TP) was assayed according to the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and accounted for 19.60-8.66 mg GAE/gf.w. The TP gradually decreased from the immature to the over ripe stages. However, the total anthocyanin content (TA) showed the highest content at the over ripe stage, with an average value of 141.94 mg/100 g f.w. The antiradical activity (AA) of methanolic extracts from Maoluang fruits during development and ripening were determined with DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging. The highest AA was ob­served at the immature stage accompanied by the highest content of gallic acid and TP. Polyphenols were quantified by HPLC. The level of procyanidin B2, procyanidin B1, (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, rutin and tran-resveratrol as the main polyphenol compounds, increased during fruit development and ripening. Other phenolic acids such as gallic, caffeic, and ellagic acids significantly decreased (p < 0.05) during fruit development and ripening. At over ripe stage, Maoluang possess the highest antioxi- dants. Thus, the over ripe stage would be the appropriate time to harvest when taking nutrition into consideration. This existing published information provides a helpful daily diet guide and useful guidance for industrial utilization of Maoluang fruits.
Introduction. The Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) of human milk reflects the concentration and the activity of many components which prevent oxidative degradation of fats and proteins. This study compares the effectiveness of ABTS and DPPH tests with regard to the recovery, precision and sensitivity (detection and quantification limit) of (TAC) values in human milk. Material and methods. TAC values were determined in twenty five samples of human milk obtained from healthy mothers, residents of Gdańsk, on the 14,h day postpartum. Results. The average TAC of human milk determined by ABTS assay was 19.61 ±3.311 mg TE (Trolox Equivalents)/100 cm3, the average values obtained by the DPPH assay reached 9.95 ±4.36 mg TE/100 cm3. For each milk sample the TAC determined by the ABTS test was significantly higher than the values produced by the DPPH test. The above findings can be attributed to the presence of substances whose spectra overlap with DPPH’ spectra. ABTS test was characterised by a higher sensitivity and repeatability of the determination of TAC in human milk compared to the DPPH test. Conclusions. Comparing the calculated values for the validation parameters of both methods and taking into account the solubility of DPPH only in polar matrices, slower reaction of selected antioxidants with DPPH radical, and the presence in human milk constituents absorbing electromagnetic radiation in the absorption of DPPH be assumed that the ABTS test is more appropriate method of determining of TAC in breast milk.
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