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The content of glycogen, glucose and trehalose was measured in larvae and adults of Cystidicola farionis, the parasite isolated from the swim bladder of Osmerus eperlanus from Vistula Lagoon. Activity of glycogen phosphorylase, α-amylase, glucoamylase. maltase, trehalase. And trehalose phosphorylase were measured. The highest activity was recorded for α-amylase 10,07 ± 0,97 mu/mg and 7,47 ± 0,24 mu/mg, next maltase 1,34 ± 0,63 μmol /mg and 2,06 ± 1,65 μmol/mg respectively for larvae and adults. The activity of glucoamylase was nearly the same for adults and larvae (about 0,20 μmol/mg). The trehalase activity was higher at adults (0,49 ± 0,42 μmol/mg) than at larvae (0,18 ± 0,12 μmol/mg). The activity of glycogen phosphorylase was much higher at larvae (3,58 ± 1,49 μmol/mg) than at adults parasite (0,10 ± 0,02 μmol/mg). The trehalose phosphorylase was present in both stages of parasite, but its activity was low. The content of glycogen and glucose was two-limes higher in the adults' body than in larvae.
Scanning electron microscopy studies of nematode specimens of Cystidicola farionis Fischer, 1798, a swimbladder parasite mainly of salmonids, made it possible to describe in detail the cephalic structure as well as some additional morphological features of this widely distributed nematode and, accordingly, to correct the generic diagnosis of Cystidicola Fischer, 1798. Similarly to species of the most related genera Comephoronema Layman, 1933 and Salvelinema Trofimenko, 1962, the males of C. farionis (a type species of the genus) possess well-developed ventral precloacal ridges (area rugosa). As shown by this study, the genus Cystidicola differs from Comephoronema and Salvelinema mainly in the structure of the mouth, particularly in the presence of four well-demarcated labia, large circumoral teeth, and in the character of pseudolabia.
One new and one already known species of parasitic nematodes are described from the intestine of freshwater fishes in Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand: Spinitectus thaiensis sp. nov. (Cystidicolidae) from the catfish Pseudomystus siamensis (Regan) (Bagridae, Siluriformes) in the Fang Brook, a tributary of the Kok River (the Mekong River basin), Fang District and Oceanicucullanus chitwoodae Le-Van-Hoa et Pham-Ngoc-Khue, 1971 (Cucullanidae) from the cyprinid Mystacoleucus marginatus (Valenciennes) (Cyprinidae, Cypriniformes) in the Ping River (the Chao Phraya River basin), Muang District. The new species, S. thaiensis, is very similar to S. petrowi Belous, 1965, differing from it, in addition to some biometrical differences, mainly in having simple cuticular spines (instead of transversely oriented peg-like spines with rounded ends) on the ventral surface of the female tail; the spicules are 156–171 and 66–72 μm long, the vulva is situated at 74% of female body length, and the entire oesophagus including the vestibule represents 14–15% of body length in the male and 12% in the female. The latter species, O. chitwoodae, was studied for the first time by scanning electron microscopy, which enabled to recognize some previously unrecorded morphological details in this species. The finding of O. chitwoodae in M. marginatus in Thailand represents new host and geographical records for this nematode.
A new species of parasitic nematode, Spinitectus tabascoensis sp. nov., is described based on museum specimens recovered from the intestine of the blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus (Valenciennes) from the upper reaches of the Usumacinta River near Tenosique, Tabasco, southeastern Mexico. The new species is characterized mainly by markedly long cuticular spines and their arrangement, the situation of the excretory pore between the 6th and 7th rings of spines, the length of the left spicule (213 µm), and the number and arrangement of caudal papillae in the male. This is the fifth species of Spinitectus reported from freshwater and migratory fishes in Mexico.
In total, 1446 Antarctic and subantarctic teleosts were examined for nematodes. One species, Ascarophis nototheniae Johnston et Mawson, 1945, is reported. New data on the biometrical variability and the occurrence or absence of this species are given. Three areas of the West Antarctic (the South Shetland Islands, South Georgia and South Orkneys) as well as three areas of the East Antarctic (Davis Sea, Weddell Sea and off Adelie Land) are new geographical localities for this nematode species. Also, 21 fish species represent new host records for A. nototheniae. Two predatory channichthyid species, Chaenocephalus aceratas and Cryodraco antarcticus are the most strongly infected fishes in all examined areas, except the Weddell Sea.
A new species of parasitic nematode, Ascarophis (Similascarophis) richeri sp. nov. (Cystidicolidae), is described from the stomach of the marine scorpaeniform fish Hoplichthys citrinus Gilbert (Hoplichthyidae) (prevalence 19%, intensity 1–8 nematodes per fish) collected in the region of the Chesterfield Islands (Coral Sea, west of New Caledonia) in October 2005. The new species, studied using both light and scanning electron microscopy, is characterized mainly by the structure of the mouth (highly reduced pseudolabia, high pseudolabial terminal projections, no submedian labia, well-developed, bilobed sublabia), bifurcate deirids, the length of the spicules (663–729 μm and 105–108 μm) and the presence of filaments on both egg poles (2–5 on each). Similascarophis Muñoz, González et George-Nascimento, 2004 is considered a subgenus of Ascarophis van Beneden, 1871 to accommodate the species characterized by highly reduced pseudolabia. Presence of the new species in fish from Seamount Nova (Lord Howe Rise) but not from the Chesterfield plateau suggests that it is endemic to this seamount, a case already encountered for many benthic invertebrates.
The nematode Comephoronema oschmarini Trofimenko, 1974 (Cystidicolidae) was found in the stomach of the burbot Lota lota (Linnaeus) of Lake Geneva, Savoy, France, collected on 23 March 2000 [prevalence 60% (3/5); intensity of infection 2–66 (mean 35)]. This material made it possible to study in detail the morphology of this so far little-known parasite, using both light and scanning electron microscopy (the latter not previously used for this species). The SEM examination showed taxonomically important morphological features, not previously reported, including the presence of distinct terminal pseudolabial projections (protuberances), four submedian labia, four bilobed submedian sublabia, and only four cephalic papillae. Deirids were found to be bifurcated. A description of the true arrangement of the two last pairs of minute caudal papillae and phasmids in the male is given. Species of Compehoronema Layman, 1933 are considered to be closely related to those of Ascarophis van Beneden, 1871. A key to valid species of Comephoronema is provided.
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