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A multivariate analysis was carried out in order to investigate the most influential habitat variables and related features in the selection of breeding cliffs by the Griffon Vulture in Crete. The species was found nesting in mid-altitude areas, close to stock-raising units, on high limestone cliffs, which were also well protected against the prevailing winds of the island. A principal components analysis, which explained 53% of the total variance of the variables examined, differentiated Griffon Vulture colonies in relation to their isolation from other colonies, accessibility to humans and proximity to food resources. In addition, a stepwise discriminant function analysis between breeding and random cliffs included the height of the cliff, its substratum, the altitude, and the distance to the stock breeding unit in a model that successfully classified 97.1% of the nesting and 88.2% of the random cliffs. In comparison to continental regions the Griffon Vulture colonies in Crete were located on higher cliffs but at a lower altitude. This fact should be attributed to the species nesting on steep coastal cliffs close to the livestock's wintering areas.
The aim of the present study was to identify any possible protective effects of wild greens on certain biochemical cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in elderly women leaving in rural Crete. For the needs of the study a region with high consumption of wild greens (Avdou) and a region with low consumption (Anogia) were identified and a representative population from each area was recruited (n= 37 and n=35 respectively). Serum lipids and fibrinogen levels, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), soluble intercellular adhesion molucule-1 (sVCAM-1), soluble vascular adhesion molucule-1 (s-ICAM-1) and haematological factors were measured in both regions during winter and summer time when wild-green plants consumption is high and low, respectively. Regarding classic lipid risk factors for arteriosclerosis no significant different between the two regions were detected. TAC was found higher in Avdou compared to Anogia during winter screening, but null in both regions during summer. Fibrinogen was found higher in Avdou compared to Anogia while no differences between the two regions were detected for sVCAM-1 and s-ICAM-1 in both screenings. The significantly higher TAC and fibrinogen values detected in Avdou could be attributed to the higher wild green consumption in that region since resent data indicated that their content in vitamin C and E as well as flavonoids is particularly high.
Xorides (Moerophora) dorotae Hilszczański sp. nov. and X. (Xorides) minos Hilszczański sp. nov. from Crete are newly described and figured. Species of Xoridinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from Greece are listed. Only X. corcyrensis (Kriechbaumer) and Odontocolon appendiculatum (Gravenhorst) had been known so far from the country. Odontocolon quercinum Thomson, X. berlandi Clèment, X. propinquus (Tschek), X. praecatorius (F.) and X. gravenhorstii Curtis are new for the Greek fauna. Aegomorphus krueperi Kraatz (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is recorded as a host for X. propinquus.
The Alpine ibex Capra ibex and the wild goat Capra aegagrus are the only caprids known to have existed in the Balkan Peninsula. The agrimi is a feral primitive form of the domestic goat Capra hircus but may constitute an island subspecies of C. aegagrus endemic to Crete, Greece. Here, the distribution of C. ibex and C. aegagrus in this southernmost Balkan country was reviewed for the period from Middle Pleistocene until today through a scientific and historical document search. Such knowledge should provide directions to future conservation plans for these species and aid in tracing the origins of agrimi. Fossil locations indicate that both species lived in this country at elevations of similar altitude (≥10– ≤ 2,497 m a.s.l.). C. ibex colonised Greece naturally, perhaps, not earlier than 126,000 years ago. It was spread over most of the mainland (36–41° N and 20–24° E) where from it disappeared after 5600 BC due to hunting. C. aegagrus constituted an exotic in Europe. Man introduced it to insular and mainland Greece (between 35–40° N and 19–26° E) from around 8600 and 7000 BC, respectively. It went extinct on the mainland probably before 6000 BC. Only C. ibex should, therefore, be restored to its former Balkan ranges. This review provides further support for the wild origin hypothesis for agrimi.
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