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The results of measurements of heavy metal concentration and plutonium isotope activity in soil samples from a former Soviet Army military range in the region of Borne-Sulinowo are presented. Heavy metal concentrations determined by using ED-XRF method for elemental analysis do not exceed the limits recommended by the European Community for plowing soils. Mean values of activity of Pu isotopes, determined by radiochemical separation and alpha spectrometry measurements, were equal to about 0.27 Bq/kg of dry soil of 239,240Pu, and about 0.015 Bq/kg of 238Pu. A contour line map showing the 239, 240 Pu distribution on studying area was presented. A calculated fraction of 239,240Pu from Chernobyl contamination was about 5%. It was shown that soils in Borne-Sulinowo region are not contaminated by heavy metals nor by plutonium isotopes other than from global fallout.
The paper summarizes the results of plutonium findings in atmospheric fallout samples and marine samples from the southern Baltic Sea during our research in 1986–2007. The activities of 238Pu and 239+240Pu isotopes were measured with an alpha spectrometer. The activities of 241Pu were calculated indirectly by 241Am activity measurements 16–18 years after the Chernobyl accident. The 240Pu/239Pu atomic ratios were measured using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). The 241Pu activities indicate that the main impact of the Chernobyl accident was on the plutonium concentration in the components of the Baltic Sea ecosystem examined in this work. The highest 241Pu/239+240Pu activity ratio was found in sea water (140 ± 33). The AMS measurements of atmospheric fallout samples collected during 1986 showed a significant increase in the 240Pu/239Pu atomic ratio from 0.29 ± 0.04 in March 1986 to 0.47 ± 0.02 in April 1986.
Background. The study aimed to determine the effect of iodine deficiency and increased radiation on morbidity of thyroid cancer in patients living in the Ternopil region of Ukraine. The task was solved by comparing the patients with thyroid cancer from the district areas with iodine deficiency and increased radiation with those coming from the regions with normal iodine content and a normal radioactive background. Material and methods. The area of the Ternopil region was divided into the following 1) the northern area, with sufficient iodine content in food, radiation background – 0.09 mcSv/h; 2) the central and western areas, endemic in terms of iodine content and increased background radiation (up to 0.13 mcSv/h); and 3) the southern area, with sufficient iodine but increased background radiation (up to 0.15 mcSv/h). To conduct the analysis and determine the sickness rate, the patients were grouped depending on sex and age. Results. The sickness rate and prevalence of thyroid cancer in males in 2016 were 4-6 times lower when compared to females in all areas. The sickness rate of the females in the areas with increased radiation turned out to be age-dependent with a 1.25-3.2 times increase when compared to the areas with normal conditions. In the areas of the increased background radiation and dietary iodine insufficiency, the sickness rate of females was 1.54-5.4 times higher than the index in the areas with normal conditions. Conclusions. The highest rates prevalence and sickness rate of thyroid cancer in Ternopil region of Ukraine were observed in women over 51 years. The prevalence was 2 times, and the sickness rate 3 times higher in women over 51 years in the areas with iodine deficiency and an increased radiation background when compared to those in the areas with normal iodine and radiation background.
This paper encloses results of field tests carried out on two types of organic soils. Activities of caesium, originating from global fallout as well as from the Chernobyl power plant breakdown, were measured for these two soils. Radioactive caesium is present to a depth of 40 and 70 cm, in black soil and in peat, respectively, although the highest activity was found in the topmost layers. Caesium originating from the Chernobyl accident constitutes about 70% of the total activity in the 0-10 cm layers of the soils. The vertical migration rates of caesium from both sources were also measured. In the case of peat soil the migration rate of the Chernobyl caesium as well as that from global fallout were found to be similar and amounted to 0.2 cm/year. In the case of black soil the differences were more pronounced (0.34 and 0.14 cm/year, respectively). Results of the physicochemical analysis of both tested soils are also included in this work.
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