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The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of various concentrations of sucrose, 6-(γ,γ-dimethylallylamino)-purine (2iP) and pH values of Lloyd’s and McCown’s medium (1981, WPM) on the induction of lateral shoot growth in Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench. The explants were 2–3 cm nodal sections without the apex, with preserved leaves, from plants grown in vitro. The highest regenerative capacity was observed in culture media without cytokinin, with 58 mM sucrose content and pH 5.0. The lowest capacity for shoot organogenesis was reported in media with pH 5.6 with a higher sucrose content (88 mM) and 25 μM of 2iP. 80% of rooted explants were successfully transferred to ex vitro conditions. The survival rate of plantlets reached around 60% after three months of greenhouse cultivation.
The paper reports results of a study on the variability of six morphological features of leaves of Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench, collected at nine sites in Poland and two abroad. The size of the leaves was found to be strongly dependent on the habitat conditions and was the parameter determining the division into ecophenotypic groups. A linear relation was observed between the length and the width of the leaves.
W trakcie badań florystycznych prowadzonych w gminie Purda na terenie województwa warmińsko- mazurskiego znaleziono nowe stanowisko chamedafne północnej Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench. Znajduje się ono na śródleśnym torfowisku wysokim, oddalonym o niecałe 2 km na południowy wschód od wsi Nerwik i o 2,5 km na północny wschód od wsi Giławy, na granicy oddziałów 224f i 238a, w Nadleśnictwie Wipsowo
Flowering and fruit setting was analyzed in specimens of Chamedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench growing in a natural stand in the “Sicienko” reserve in the Drawa National Park. Seed production, seed viability and shoot rooting was investigated. It was shown that Chamaedaphne calyculata has abundant flowers but sets few fruits. Numerous seeds (even up to 87) were found in fruits; however, the percentage of developed seeds was low and ranged from 17% to 45%. The viability of developed seeds was similarly low (maximum 29%). The performed germination test showed a positive effect of stratification on the breaking of seed dormancy. Obtaining seedlings from seeds sown in vitro on agar medium was a considerable success. Shoots cut perpendicularly to the shoot axis, with a 1-cm incision on the side and treated with a rooting agent, rooted 100%. Shoots which were not treated with a rooting agent, irrespective of their having been incised or not, rooted 78%.
Leatherleaf Chamaedaphne calyculata (L) Moench is a relict, rare and endangered species in Poland. There are no reports on the micropropagation of Chamaedaphne calyculata in the literature. Therefore, the aim of this study was to propose a propagation protocol for leatherleaf via indirect organogenesis using leaves and stems (internodal segments) derived from mature plants growing in a natural stand and from plants grown in vitro as explants. The medium developed by Anthony et al. (2004) with 100%, 50% and 25% salt concentrations, supplemented with IAA (5 and 10μM) and TDZ (5 and 10μM), was used for callus development and the induction of adventitious shoots. The media developed by Anthony et al. (2004) and Anderson (1980), both containing 10μM TDZ and 5μM IAA or 2.28μM zeatin, were used for adventitious shoot elongation. Secondary explants proved to be the most effective starting material for callus induction, the regeneration and elongation of adventitious shoots. The most supportive medium for callus induction and growth and the induction of adventitious shoots was the full medium proposed by Anthony et al. (2004) containing 5μM IAA and 10μM TDZ. Anderson’s (1980) medium containing 2.28μM zeatin delivered optimal results in the elongation of adventitious shoots of Ch. calyculata. Roots were cultivated on Anderson’s (1980) phytohormone-free medium. Approximately 65% of the plantlets survived after transfer to the sphagnum-peat and perlite mixture (3:1). The plants grew normally without any signs of morphological variation. This study makes the first ever attempt to propose an effective micropropagation protocol for Ch. calyculata.
Chamaedaphne calyculata is rare and endangerded species of Polish flora. The genetic variation within and among ten polish population of leatherleaf was analysed by ISSR and ISJ markers. The analysis revealed a total of 160loci with an average of 13.3 bands per primer. We expected a low level of genetic diversity of this narrowly distributed species in Poland, but our results indicate that Ch. calyculata revealed a high level of genetic diversity at species level (P=88.7%of polymorphic loci, AE=1.468, HE=0.290). At the population level, the variation of Ch. calyculata was significantly lower (P=27.6%, AE=1.140, HE=0.098). There was significant correlation between ecological properties (population size; number of flowering ramets) and genetic diversity parameters. Analysis of molecular variance showed that most of variation (62%) in Ch. calyculata occurred among population. Gene flow (Nm) between the ten studied populations, determined based on the GST index, was very low at 0.239. It indicated that the fragmentation and isolation of populations might result from specific evolutionary history of this plant and postglacial recolonization
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