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The Ponto-Caspian cladocera Cercopagis pengoi invaded the Baltic Sea in 1992. For the first time it was recorded in the Gulf of Riga and three years later it appeared in the Gulf of Finland. In the summer of 1999 it had been also found in huge numbers in shallow areas (0.5 - 10 m) of the Gulf of Gdańsk.
New records of Cercopagis pengoi (Cladocera, Crustacea) are reported for the first time from the central and western part of the Polish zone of the Baltic Sea.
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Cercopagis pengoi as an invasive species

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The fishhook waterflea (Cercopagis pengoi) native to the Ponto-Caspian region, is an excellent example of an invasive species. Within one decade from its first appearance, Cercopagis pengoi has colonized nearly the entire Baltic Sea and most of the Great Lakes of North America. The species spread rapidly owing to its ecological and biological profile. The fishhook waterflea is an euryhaline organism marked by a predominance of parthenogenetic reproduction over sexual reproduction. This taxon quickly colonized inhabited ecosystems to create stable populations. The ecological and economic consequences of the species’ appearance are noticeable, but they have not been fully investigated and require further analysis.
Oceanologia
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2010
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tom 52
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nr 1
147-151
New data on the distribution of the invasive Ponto-Caspian species, Cercopagis pengoi, in the Gulf of Gdańsk are presented. The species, recorded in 2006, for the first time occurred continuously throughout the summer (July–August) at stations situated in the eastern and western parts of the gulf.
Mesozooplankton communities were studied monthly at six sites in the Gulf of Finland during six ice-free seasons. The abundances of different zooplankton taxa were related to temperature, salinity, eutrophication level (total nitrogen and phosphorus), phytoplankton (Chl a) and density of predatory cladocerans, including the non-indigenous Cercopagis pengoi and the native Leptodora kindtii. T he results indicated that variability in the zooplankton communities was correlated not only with predation by mesozooplankton but also with bottom-up effects. Predation by the non-indigenous C. pengoi may significantly affect the dynamics of Cladocera and Rotatoria in the Gulf of Finland during the summer season.
Spatial distribution, density, biomass, population structure, predation effects, and the influence of abiotic environmental characteristics (salinity, water temperature, transparency, and depth) on a population of the Ponto-Caspian invasive cladoceran Cercopagis pengoi (Ostroumov, 1891) were studied in the Gulf of Finland and the open Baltic Sea (August 1999 and 2004). In our study in 1999, this species was first recorded in plankton of open south–eastern Baltic waters. The age and sexual structure of the C. pengoi population were interrelated with population density. The strongest impact of C. pengoi predation on the pelagic community in the Gulf of Finland was registered at the stations where the percentage of C. pengoi in the total zooplankton biomass was the highest. The calculated impact values of C. pengoi exceeded those registered a decade ago, during the first years after Cercopagis had invaded the eastern Gulf of Finland.
Cercopagis pengoi, a species native to the Ponto-Caspian area, was recorded for the first time in the Baltic Sea in the Gulf of Riga and in the open Gulf of Finland in 1992. Sampling in the shallow coastal area of the western part of the Gulf of Gdańsk at weekly intervals between April 1999 and April 2000 revealed the presence of C. pengoi in the zooplankton community. The species was recorded twice, at densities of 1369 indiv. m−3 on 30 July 1999 and 421 indiv. m−3 on 5 August 1999, when the water temperature was at its maximum, in excess of 21.7◦C and 23.9◦C respectively. C. pengoi had never been recorded in the Gulf of Gdańsk prior to 1999.
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