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Non-damaging flow below storage reservoirs is one of the key factors which affect proper water management, especially the protection of valleys against flooding. Following analysis of river flow capacities below reservoirs it should be noted that, over the years, these capacities are subject to significant limitations. This is usually caused by inappropriate floodplain management. Buildings are often built closer to the river channels, which in consequence causes flooding of the buildings at low flood discharges. Repeated inundations and thus increasing losses oblige the local authorities to maintain low outflows from reservoirs in the first phase of the freshet, which leads to a rapid fulfillment of flood reserves of the reservoirs. Then, the culmination of flood wave often takes place when the reservoirs are filled and consequently high discharges from the reservoirs must be realized. This causes flooding of the areas and buildings below the storage reservoirs. This situation could have been avoided if the riverbeds and floodplains had been adjusted to pass non-damaging flow and adopted it as the basis for the water management of a given reservoir. A significant improvement in reduced reservoir capacities will occur if the values of non-damaging flow below the reservoirs are increased and the losses caused by flood flow are significantly reduced by appropriate spatial development of the areas below the storage reservoirs. The current non-damaging flow below the Mietków reservoir is a striking example of the issue. Three farms located within the floodplain of the Bystrzyca river have an adverse impact on water management of the reservoir when floods take place.
This research evaluated the impact of purified municipal wastes from Lublin on nickel accumulation in tested plants due to varied rates of sewage. Moreover, the fodder value of some plants was estimated. The experiment was localized in Bystrzyca river valley in 1996, covering an 8-hectare area. Studies were carried out on soils: (division) hydrogenic, (type) bog and bog-like, (sub-type) peat-bog and mineralbog. The experimental field was divided into 7 blocks and each block into 3 quarters (a, b c). Sewage was applied at three rates under every cultivation: a – control; b – sewage rate optimum for a given plant (established on a base of N content and water demands); c – double optimum rate. Plant material was randomly collected in July and September 1997. The ability for nickel accumulation in the investigated plants decreased along the sequence: grass mixtures > rape > hemp > maize > poplar (leaves) > willow (leaves).
Bottom sediments of two small shallow dam reservoirs, the Zalew Zemborzycki (ZZ) on the Bystrzyca River near Lublin and Brody Iłżeckie (BI) on the Kamienna River, were investigated. The sediment samples from both water reservoirs were collected at 17 sampling sites in the transects perpendicular to the shoreline, at the river inflow and at the frontal dam. The contents of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were measured and the research results analyzed statistically. A relationship between TP concentration in sediments and TN, Fe, and Al levels was determined. The maps of spatial distribution of TN and TP were drawn. Sediments of the BI showed greater differentiation of TN and TP contents than sediments in the ZZ, which resulted from a sediment dredging operation performed in most of its area. The dredged part of the BI reservoir had many times lower levels of both TN and TP as compared to sediments in the undredged part. In the ZZ reservoir sediments, longitudinal zonation of TN spatial distribution was observed: the lowest content in the sediments in left-bank part of the reservoir, medium along the middle part, the highest in the right-bank area. In this water reservoir, the zone of the highest TP accumulation occurred in sediments of the upper part and at the frontal dam. It is likely to be caused by the high external loads of P from the Bystrzyca River and by its sedimentation process along with silt and clay particles, respectively. The TN and TP distribution in sediments in the BI was similar and displayed transverse zonation (parallel to the dam). Our research established a strong linear relationship between TP content and Fe and Al concentrations in BI sediments. It implies that a high level of Fe and Al in sediments of this reservoir contributed to the TP accumulation there.
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Stan fizyczny gleb Parku Ludowego w Lublinie

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Przeprowadzono badania właściwości fizycznych gleb kulturoziemnych w Parku Ludowym w Lublinie. Próbki do badań pobrano z pięciu pedonów, z warstw 0-25, 25-50 i 50-75 cm do cylindrów o objętości 100 cm3. Oznaczono gęstość objętościową gleby, gęstość stałej fazy i pojemności wodne w stanach wysokiego i niskiego potencjału wody. Wykonano obliczenia porowatości ogólnej, retencji wody produkcyjnej i użytecznej dla roślin oraz pojemności powietrznej w różnych stanach potencjału wody. Stan fizyczny gleb parku ukształtowany w efekcie intensywnych działań antropogenicznych, a szczególnie wprowadzenia dużych ilości obcego materiału – ziemi spławiakowej i lessu, należy ocenić jako bardzo dobry. Gleby charakteryzowały się najczęściej bardzo małą gęstością objętościową, bardzo dużą porowatością ogólną, pełną pojemnością wodną i polową pojemnością wodną, bardzo dużą i dużą retencją wody użytecznej dla roślin i wody produkcyjnej oraz zróżnicowaną polową pojemnością powietrzną – od małej do nadmiernej.
Valleys of large rivers, like Bystrzyca which is one of the largest Odra river tributaries, are prone to invasions of alien plant species. The Bystrzyca river valley in Krasków-Jarnołtów section is a part of a protected landscape area but it is relatively modified by human activity. Reinforcement of the river bed may have caused the appearance of invasive species, while the process of their penetration to protected areas is a serious threat to natural plant cover. The article contains basic data concerning synanthropisation and distribution of five invasive species (Impatiens parviflora, Reynoutria japonica, Reynoutria sachalinensis, Solidago canadensis, Solidago gigantea) found within the investigated area.
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