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In fresh moist meadows, double-cut, located in the Bydgoszcz Canal Valley, you can find Ostericum palustre, a species of priority importance, which requires protection in the form of designation of Natura 2000 sites. The aim of the present research was to define the effect of the cutting date on blooming and fruit-bearing of O. palustre in meadows covered by the PO1b agro-environmental programme. Phenological observations included three populations of O. palustre. The first one occurs in a traditionally used meadow, not covered by the agro-environmental programme (2) where the date of the first cut falls in mid June. The second one is located in a meadow covered by the agro-environmental programme (1) where the first cutting date is possible from July 1, and the third population located in a natural meadow is not agriculturally used (0). The present research showed that individuals of O. palustre in the traditionally used meadows (2), prior to the first cut, reach the leaf rosette phase, while individuals which occur in the meadow covered by the agro-environmental programme (1), prior to the first cut, reach the generative tiller phase. Full bloom of O. palustre in the traditionally used meadows occurs after July 20, while individuals of O. palustre in the agro-environmental programme reach that phase only at the beginning of August. At the same time, about August 6, the first inflorescence in 70% of individuals in the agriculturally unused meadow (0) has ripe fruit, and in mid August all fruits are ripe. In mid August 70% of individuals in the meadow used for traditional cutting have ripe fruits of the first inflorescence, and right before the second cut, on August 27, almost 90% of fruits were ripe. Most O. palustre individuals in the meadows covered by the agro-environmental programme do not finish blooming of the first infl orescence before mid August. By the end of August, about 60% of individuals reach the phase of young fruits. The first ripe fruits occur as late as September 12. About September 20 most fruits are ripe. To sum up, delayed PO1b agro-environmental programme meadow cutting, after July 1, does not facilitate the production of ripe fruit in O. palustre individuals.
The floral and phytosociological research conducted between 1998-2001 in the area of the artillery range shows that there are 460 different species, including 363 vascular plants and 96 algae, bryophytes and lichens. The aforementioned count includes 45 taxa that are fully or partially protected. In the investigated area there are 30 species of vascular plants and 13 lichen species endangered to a different extent, referring to the scale of the whole region, for example: Aster amellus, Prunella grandiflora, Bryoria fuscescens, B. subcana, Peltigera praetextata and Ramalina fraxinea.Out of 335 species recorded in the same area by German researchers in the late 19th century and the early 20th century, the occurrence of 270 species was confirmed by our research, which constitutes 80.6%. The following species are considered as extinct, since they were not found again in the area: Adenophora liliifolia, Cephalanthera damasonium, C. rubra, Dracocephalum ruyschiana and Gladiolus paluster. During the one hundred years, which separate the two research projects, 95 new species appeared in the studied area, mostly archaeophytes and kenophytes. According to the phytosociological research, there are 8 plant associations and one plant community in the unforested part of the range. Among the most rare associations, the following should be mentioned: Caricetum arenariae, Caricetum ligericae and Festuco-Koelerietum glaucae. Calamagrostietum epigeji, Corniculario-Corynephoretum, Arctostaphylo-Callunetum are typical associations of this area. The association Scorzonero purpureae-Stipetum joannis and the community of Salix acutifolia-Epipactis atrorubens are the most valuable ones. They will become the most endangered associations if the excessive pressure by the army or the highway construction should cease in the future. To preserve the particularly valuable species and plant associations, new active preservation forms should be introduced in the whole area of the artillery range, especially after cessation of the excessive military exploitation. A part of the artillery range called "Piaski" should be protected as a sanctuary because of the association Scorzonero purpureae-Stipetum joannis, which occurs only here.
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