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Serologiczna diagnostyka boreliozy mimo opracowania i wprowadzenia różnych metod wciąż wymaga weryfikacji. Metody przesiewowe najczęściej stosowane do oceny przeciwciał anty - Borrelia to metoda jakościowa ELFA (Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay, analizator Vidas), metoda immuno - fluorescencji pośredniej (IIFT) oraz metoda immunoenzymatyczna ELISA. Wszystkie wymienione metody charakteryzują się wysoką czułością. Ze względu na możliwość wystąpienia nieswoistych reakcji krzyżowych i wyników fałszywie dodatnich wskazana jest weryfikacja wyników wątpliwych i dodatnich uzyskanych metodami przesiewowymi. Weryfikacji dokonuje się testem Western biot (Wb) o wysokiej swoistości. Technika Wb pozwala na identyfikację przeciwciał dla białek wysoce specyficznych dla Borrelia burgdorferi: VIsE, p83, p39, p31 (OspA), p30, p25 (OspC), p21, p19, p17, wśród których białko VIsE jest najbardziej swoiste dla odpowiedzi w klasie IgG oraz białko OspC, którego obecność związana jest z produkcją przeciwciał IgM. Celem niniejszej pracy była analiza wyników uzyskanych metodą ELFA (z analizatorem Vidas) i metodą IIFT jako testów przesiewowych stosowanych w diagnostyce zakażeń krętkiem B. burgdorferi.
The aim of the present work was to evaluate the topography of spirochetes’ cells Borrelia burgdorferi s.s. B31 in atomic force microscope (AFM). Results: The length of spirochetes B. burgdorferi has ranged between 15.38-22.68μm. The cells of spirochetes do not constitute structures of a fixed diameter and height. Thus, in order to identify real parameters of cells, the horizontal distance and vertical distance have been used in the measurements. The average value of a spirochetes’ diameter has been estimated by taking series of measures and it is 0.40 μm. The average value of a spirochetes’ height has been estimated by taking series of measures and it is 70.14 nm. The analysis of a relation between measured parameters of spirochetes: diameter and height revealed that along with the growth of diameter of a bacteria cell, its height also grows. The average value of a fibers’ diameter has been estimated by taking series of measurements and it is 0.09 μm and the average height of fibers was 7.91 nm. Conclusions: The atomic force microscope (AFM) is a modern tool with a broad spectrum of observatory and measure abilities and is a technique which has been used in biology and microbiology to investigate the topography of surface and in the evaluation properties of cells.
Oceniano aktywność fagocytarną związaną z wybuchem tlenowym granulocytów obojętnochłonnych u chorych z boreliozą z Lyme. Wykazano spadek wartości badanych parametrów w ostrej fazie choroby oraz ich normalizację w badaniu odległym, wykonanym po sześciu miesiącach od zakończenia leczenia. Poprawa badanych funkcji neutrofilów w badaniach odległych sugeruje, że obserwowane zmiany mają charakter nabyty, uwarunkowany obecnością krętka Borrelia burgdorferi.
Background: Lyme disease is a multi-organ disease caused by spirochetes, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, transmitted by Ixodes, with its clinical picture including involvement of the skin, joints, nervous system and heart. Laboratory diagnostic tests for Lyme disease are mainly based on the detection of anti-Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies by means of serological methods. Aim of the work: assessment of the level of antibodies against specific B. burgdorferi s.l. antigens in persons with suspected Lyme disease. Material and methods: the tested group consisted of 98 patients with suspected Lyme disease. During the first phase of the tests, anti-Borrelia burgdorferi IgM/IgG antibodies were marked using ELISA method, and positive and uncertain results were confirmed by Westernblot test (Wb). Results: anti-B. burgdorferi IgM/IgG antibodies were present in 60 patients (61.2%). IgM and IgG antibodies were detected as positive in 8 (8.1%) and 35 (35.7%) patients respectively. IgM and IgG were co-present in 6 persons (6.1%), including 2 persons (2%) with positive results in both classes. All patients with positive IgM (12 persons) had anti-OspC antibodies, and 2 patients had, in addition, anti-p31 antibodies. In patients with positive IgG the results were as follows: antibodies against antigen p17 - 77% of cases, VlsE - 74%, p30 - 46%, p39 - 44%, p83 - 38%, p19 - 31%, OspC/p25- 28%, p31 - 23%, p21 - 8%. Conclusions: laboratory diagnostic tests for Lyme disease must be performed in accordance with the current standards, positive and uncertain results must be confirmed by Westernblot test. Results of lab tests must correlate with patient’s symptoms.
Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s. I.), the etiological agent of Lyme diesease, is transmitted by the bite of Ixodes ricinus. During May and September 1999, field surveys on Lyme disease spirochetes were conducted in three locations of a region of north-west Poland, known as recreational districts visited by many people. The ticks Ixodes ricinus were collected in natural habitats by dragging a flanel cloth over the vegetation. Sex and developmental stage of each tick were determined. Based on a polymerase chain reaction test with primers that recognize a chromosomal gene of all strains, out of the total 1414 specimens collected, 126 (8.9%) were found to be infected. the species B. burgdorferi s. 1. comprises at least three pathogenic genomospecies, B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (s. s.), Borrelia garinii, and Borerelia afzelii, witch could be distinguished in nested-PCR tests with species-specific primers. B. burgdorferi s. s. was most prevalent (96% of infected ticks), followed by B. garinii (1.3%), and B. afzelii. was not found. Of the infected ticks, over the 99% were infected with a single species; one specimens was infected with two species. For 4 ticks, the infecting species could not be identied. The difference in rates of prevalence was observed among the tree locations (17%-5.3%-3.2%).
Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ticks, Ixodes ricinus in Tarnowskie Góry district. Borrelia burgdoiferi is an aetiological factor of borreliosis (Lyme disease). The main vectors of Borrelia burgdoiferi are larvae, nymphs, and females of Ixodes ricinus. The aim of this paper was to analyse infection parameters of Borrelia burgdoiferi in a selected populations of Ixodes ricinus. The study was conducted in Tarnowskie Góry administrative district (Krupski Młyn, Zielona, Lubliniec, Tarnowskie Góry, Świerklaniec, Tworóg, and Zbrosławice). A total of 85 ticks were collected with a piece of cloth dragged over the vegetation. The Borrelia burgdoiferi infection was confirmed with a PCR method, using flagellin protein gene DNA amplification. DNA of Borrelia burgdeiferi sensu lato was present in 14 ticks, which constituted 16.5% of the population studied. The percentage of infected females and nymphs was 26.8%, 22.2%, and 5.6%, respectively. A high prevalence of the pathogen (50%) was in ticks revealed in the recreation areas and the community forest in Świerklaniec.
Przeciwciała dla Borrelia burgdorferi obecne w surowicy mogą utrzymywać się po przebytym i leczonym zakażeniu przez okres kilku lat, nie wykazują więc, skuteczności antybiotykoterapii. Antygeny krętka, uwalniane w ustroju chorego, wiążą obecne przeciwciała w kompleksy immunologiczne, co może być przyczyną występowania wyników fałszywie ujemnych u osób zakażonych. Oznaczanie obecności przeciwciał dla krętka związanych w kompleksy immunologiczne pozwala na wykazanie aktywnej boreliozy oraz na monitorowanie leczenia.
The aim of these studies was to attempt to infect dogs by their inoculation with cultured Borrelia burgdorferi isolated from ticks in Poland and to use PCR and N-PCR to evaluate the spread of infection. Polish strain 236/2 of B. burgdorferi isolated from Ixodes ricinus and cultured in BSK-H medium (passage 4 and 5) was used for dog inoculation. Throughout the experimental trial all dogs, including the control, remained healthy. None of them became hyperthermic nor demonstrated clinical signs of the disease, but seroconversion was observed. During our experiments it was demonstrated that the culture of spirochete in BSK-H medium is time consuming, does not always yield spirochetes and requires up to 4 weeks growth time. Application of PCR and N-PCR confirmed the replication of B. burgdorferi in infected dogs. Spirochetes were demonstrated almost in all internal organs of challenged animals as well as in skin, muscles, adipose tissue, joints and urine. Results of our studies indicated, that PCR and N-PCR can be used for detection of B. burgdorferi both in infected BSK-H medium or internal organs of challenged dogs. The high sensitivity and specificity of both tests enable tchem to be used for laboratory diagnosis of dog borreliosis and for monitoring of the spread of infection within the animal.
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