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The total mercury concentrations of eleven species of common edible wild mushrooms of the genus Suillus, Xcrocomus, Boletus, Leccinum, Suillus, Annillariella, Russula, Lactarius and Lycoperdon collected from the Borecka Forest and the adjacent area in 1998 were determined by the cold-vapour flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy (CV-AAS). In total, 382 pooled samples of the caps and stalks, and 16 pooled samples of the whole fruiting bodies were examined. The total number of the fruiting bodies was 804. The mercury concentration varied depending on the species and site investigated. The fruiting bodies of King Bolete Boletus edulis showed the highest contamination with mercury. The caps of King Bolete and Yellow-cracking Bolete Xcrocomus subtomentosus collected from the potentially unpolluted region of the Borecka Forest were around threefold more contaminated with mercury than the specimens originating from its surrounding area, i.e. 9900±2700 and 3600±1400, and 480± 190 and 160±70 ng/g dry weight, respectively. Apart from the King Bolete relatively elevated concentrations of mercury were quantified also in whole fruiting bodies of Common Puffball Lycoperdon perlatum, i.e. 3400±1300 ng/g and in the caps and stalks of Common Scaber Stalk, i.e. 1200±740 and 1100±380 ng/g d.w., respectively. In the case of other species investigated, the mercury concentrations were below 1000 ng/g d.w., and the lowest values were found for Crab-scended Brittle Gills Russula xerampelina, i.e. 60±20 and 40±20 ng/g d.w. in the caps and stalks, respectively. For the Larch Bolete, Bay Bolete, Yellow-cracking Bolete, King Bolete, Common Scaber Stalk, Honey Mushroom, Crab-scented Brittle Gills and Safron Milk Cap there was a positive correlation (p<0.05) between the mercury content and size (diameter) of the caps, and for some cases also between the mercury content of the stalks and the size (height) of the whole fruiting body. King Bolete and Common Scaber Stalk are among the most popular wild edible mushrooms traditionally picked-up in Poland and the data obtained suggest the possible health risk for the local consumers and consideration of establishing the mushrooms consumption advisory.
After dissection examination was made of 20 roe deers (in January, May, August and October), from which over 35,000 parasites, localized in subcutaneous tissue, lungs, abdominal cavity and the alimentary tract, were collected. In all 26 parasite species were found, the prevalence and intensity of infection of which are discussed in relation to the seasons of the year. Very high infection of the abomasum by nematodes was found, affecting all the roe deers examined. Compared with other regions of Poland the roe deers in the Borecka Forest are several times more intensively infected by these nematodes, mean intensity of infection being 1671 specimens. Maximum intensity of infection by these parasites occurs in August (3537 specimens) and minimum in January (750). The roe deers in the Borecka Forest have acquired O. antipini + O. lyrataeformis and S. dagestanica from elk, and also O. ostertagi + O. lyrata from European bison. In addition they are also found to share parasites with red deer (O. leptospicularis + O. kolchida and S. boehmi + S. mathevossiani).
This paper presents the history, herd structure, distribution and habitat preference of the free ranging herd of European bison Bison bonasus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Borecka Forest, north-east Poland. Herd numbers fluctuated between 48 and 71 individuals from 1976 - 1991 through population regulation by sport shooting and removal of culls. During the snow free period the bison were distributed in a 8700 ha part of the forest area with an actual density of 6 - 8 individuals per 1000 ha. The coefficient of birth was 18.2% on average and the mortality coefficient was 4.3%. The structure of the population varied because animals were introduced, and removed by hunting. The average size of mixed groups was 11.0 ± 10.6 individuals and the groups of bulls averaged 1.44 ± 0.6 animals. Solitary bulls comprisoed 68.5% of observations. Mixed groups formed one large aggregation around supplemental feeding sites in winter; adult bulls wandered separately. Bison preferred deciduous forests (96.7% of all forest observations) especially stands older than 20 years (87.5%) and occasionally thickets (12.5%). To a large degree they used open areas as feeding grounds (37%) although they preferred the forest (63%), We compared the basic data of the European bison's ecology in Borecka and Białowieża Forests and found that group type, size, and spatial structure were characteristic features of this species. The bison showed similar population trends in different environments of lowland forests but their use of forest types varied according to diversity and food abundance.
In this study we present a faunistic overview of an investigation of arboreal phytophagous beetles collected from primeval forests and managed forests of Białowiea and Borecka Forests by insecticidal knock-down in 2001 and 2002. The whole dataset is based on 122 fogging samples and on stem eclector samples from 49 trees. In the area of Białowiea Forest 78 fogging samples from common oak (Quercus robur L.), 28 from spruce (Picea abies (L.) KARST.), 13 from hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) and 3 from different trees (Acer platanoides L., Populus tremula L., Pinus sylvestris L.) were taken. The samples from ancient woodland, primary forest sanctuaries, and different-aged managed forest stands revealed 129 phytophagous beetle species and 24458 individuals of the families Chrysomelidae, Bruchidae, Anthribidae, Rhynchitidae, Attelabidae, Apionidae, Nanophyidae, and Curculionidae. The stem eclector catches resulted in 32 species and 7077 individuals of Chrysomelidae, Anthribidae, Apionidae and Curculionidae. In the area of Borecka Forest 11 trees were fogged (3 Quercus robur L., 4 Picea abies, 3 Carpinus betulus and 1 Tilia cordata MILL.), resulting in 25 species and 1531 individuals. The following seven species,mainly collected by fogging, were previously not recorded from Białowiea forest: Zeugophora frontalis, Longitarsus curtus, Cryptocephalus nitidus, Crepidodera nitidula, Bruchidius marginalis, Acanthoscelides obtectus, and Phaeochrotes cinctus. Some rare species as Cryptocephalus querceti, Polydrusus flavipes, Anthonomus pinivorax, Magdalis fuscicornis, Magdalis exarata, Rhynchaenus pilosus, and Rhynchaenus hortorum were caught in medium or large numbers indicating that they preferably occur in the canopy. Full-winged specimens of Psylliodes cucullatus were found for the first time. Canopy communities were dominated by the feeding generalist Strophosoma capitatum (47.5% of all weevils, Anthribidae excluded) and other broad-nosed weevils of the genera Phyllobius und Polydrusus. Broad-nosed weevils represented 92.1% of the total weevil catch. Polydrusus flavipes proved to be a characteristic species of the wet oak forest, where it was abundant mainly on old oak trees. 36% of the weevil species, but only 13% of the leaf beetle species develop on the sampled trees (Quercus, Picea, and Carpinus). The remaining species develop on other forest trees (22% of the leaf beetles and 32% of the weevils), on herbs, low shrubs or in the open country (65% of the leaf beetles and 32% of the weevils); rarely sampled tree genera were not considered in this analysis.
The paper contains results of a faunistic research carried out in 1992-1997 on Staphylinidae in Puszcza Borecka forest in north-eastern part of Poland. During the study 394 species of Staphylinidae were recorded. One of them Atheta pfaundleri was found for the first time in Poland. The results of faunistic and ecological research on the subfamilly Steninae were published in earlier papers.
In the present paper records for 36 species of Steninae from the Puszcza Borecka are given. 10 of them are for the first time recorded from the northeastern part of Poland. Puszcza Borecka is a second lowland locality of Stenus eumerus KIES in Poland. The presence of many rare species indicates the natural character of forest associations of Puszcza Borecka.
First record of Stenus umbratilis (Casey) from Poland is given. The species was found in Puszcza Borecka forest in NE Poland.
W pracy przedstawiono charakterystykę fitosocjologiczną projektowanego rezerwatu przyrody ,,Jezioro Żabinki". Jezioro wraz z otuliną leśną stanowi wartościowy obiekt przyrodniczy położony na terenie tworzonego Boreckiego Parku Krajobrazowego. W strefie litoralu rozwijają się płaty Scolochloetum festucaceae, stanowiące jedno z nielicznych stanowisk w Polsce. Stwierdzono ponadto występowanie innych rzadkich, zagrożonych lub chronionych roślin, jak: Chara aculeolata, Ch. fragilis, Ch. jubata, Ch. tomentosa, Nitellopsis obtusa, Nuphar lutea, Nymphaea alba, Eleocharis acicularis, Potamogeton obtusifolius, P. trichoides, Convallaria majalis, Galium odoratum, Polypodium vulgare, Ribes nigrum i Vinca minor.
In the paper records for 37 species of Elateridae, 2 species of Throscidae and 2 species of Eucnemidae from Puszcza Borecka are given. Nine of them are for the first time recorded from the north-eastern part of Poland. Puszcza Borecka is the first lowland locality of Liotrichus affinis (PAYK.), which was known in Poland only from mountains. The presence of many rare species, like Denticollis rubens PILL. et MITT. and Xyloecus corticalis (PAYK.), provides an evidence of primary character of forest associations of Puszcza Borecka.
New localities of Leptura thoracica Creutz. in Białowieża Primeval Forest and Puszcza Borecka forest (NE Poland) with some other data on its geographic distribution, morphology, biology and taxonomie position are given. A key for determination of 6 species of Leptura L., which are likely to be found in Central Europe, is also provided.
In the present paper records for 4 species of Scarabaeidae, 24 species of Aphodiidae, 5 species of Melolonthidae, 2 species of Rutelidae, 1 species of Dynastidae, 5 species of Cetoniidae, 4 species of Geotrupidae and 4 species of Lucanidae from Puszcza Borecka are given. Twenty one of them are for the first time recorded from the north-eastern part of Poland.
W pracy przedstawiono syntetyczny przegląd roślin naczyniowych prawnie chronionych oraz rzadkich i interesujących z punktu widzenia naukowego i biogeograficznego, zanotowanych na obszarze projektowanego Boreckiego Parku Krajobrazowego.
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