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Small mammals were trapped in 12 habitats in 2002 and 2003. In all, 56 individuals of 9 species were caught in 2002, and 751 individuals of 11 species – in 2003. Insectivora communities did not differ statistically significantly in the two consecutive years (trappability index = number of individuals caught/trap-nights number Wo2002 = 1.26%; Wo2003= 0.72%; p<0.01), whereas the Rodentia community differed significantly (Wo2002 = 3.15; Wo2003‘03 = 30.88 p<0.03). In both years, the most numerous among the animals trapped were A. flavicollis and C. glareolus among rodents and S. araneus among insectivores, dominating in almost all habitats. The least diverse group was that of beech forest and alder wood ecotone (Simpson’s dominance index c=0.72 and 0.80 in 2002, and 0.50 and 0.53 in 2003).
The paper presents results of the research carried out in beech stands of the Carpathian beech fertile complex (Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum) in the lower subalpine zone in the Bieszczady National Park. The objective of the presented study was to analyse changes of species composition in all developmental stand of the lowers stands in the period from 1993 to 2003/04. The obtained results are proof of high levels of stability of the stands in focus, which was confirmed by absence, at the beginning and at the end of the control period, of statistically significant changes in species composition of the old trees layer, undergrowth and natural seeding. Enduringly, the Carpathian beech stands are build by three specific forest-forming species to the Eastern Carpathian Mts.: beech, fir and sycamore.
This paper presents results of analysis of the dynamics of growth and development of beech stands in the lower subalpine zone in the Bieszczady National Park from the point of view of size-volume interrelationships of the following three main forest-forming processes: thickness increment, the process of trees dying off in stands and growing of young trees to reach the layer of the manure stand. The obtained results confirmed that the examined beech forests exhibit similarity with multigenerational, complex forests of primeval character. An argument in favour of this includes in particular: high stand volume, good forest health condition and a positive relationship between the process of tree survival (volume increment and ingrowth) and the decrement process. The wide peak distance of culminations of two traits is characteristic too: the number of trees in the lowest diameter subclass and the volume in the diameter subclass several intervals higher.
The life cycles of nine species of mayflies were elaborated on basis of collected material. A winter cycle with one generation a year was found for all the investigated species of the genus Rhithrogena (R. carpatoalpina, R. puytoraci, R. gorganica, and R. wolosatkae). The remaining species analyzed had in this period summer cycles with one generation (Ephemerella ignita), winter cycles with one generation (Baetis muticus, Habroleptoides confusa) or a winter cycle with two generations a year (Baetis rhodani).
Автор исследовал фауну клещей Oribatidae ( Acari, Oribatei) собранных с муравейников Formica rufa ( Hymeпорtera, Formicidae ). Исследования охватывали десять муравейников, в которых было обнаружено 84 вида клещей Oribatidae (Таблица 1). Двенадцать из них принадлежало к новым видам в польской фауне ( Liacarus brevillamellatus, Oppia trichomirovae, О. media, O. paradecipiens, O. minuta, O. ctenifera, Peloribates europaeus, Diapterobates oblongus, Adoribatella punctata, Parachipteria patavinus, P. nivialis, Pergalumna myrmophila, а семь видов были выявлены исключительно в Польше (Camisia lapponica, Ceratopia quadridentata, Punctoribates latilobatus, Eupelops torulosus, Ophidiotrichus connexus, Tectoribates ornatus, Pergalumna formicaria).
From 1991 to 1995, wolf Canis lupus (Linnaeus, 1758} population dynamics were studied in Bieszczady National Park and the surrounding area (520 km2). The study area was utilized by 5 packs, Pack sizes averaged 5.6 in early and 3.9 in late winter. Overwinter declines in wolf numbers ranged from 21% to 39% (x = 29%), which corresponded well to the known number of wolves killed by hunters or dead of other causes. After every winter decline, wolf numbers recovered through reproduction. Generally, wolf numbers were stable or slightly decreasing during the study. Three neighbouring wojf packs occupied an area of 340 km" and the estimated territory size averaged 85 km2. The estimated density of wolves averaged 5,1/100 km2 in early winter and 3.3/100 km' in late winter. Of all known causes of wolf mortality, 86% were from legal hunting, 5% were from poaching, and 9% were from natural causes. Bieszczady National Park is small in size and its topography influences the spatial distribution of packs. No single pack was fully contained within, or protected by the Park. The number of wolves is overestimated in official reports, because the same packs are likely counted as different groups in neighbouring census units. On hunting grounds adjacent to Bieszczady NP, harvest plans exceed the actual number of wolves which inhabit the area. The creation of a wolf protection zone around Bieszczady NP and some regulations for wolf management in the rest of the region are proposed.
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