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The present paper evaluates the relevance of otoliths, vertebrae and other osseous elements to the age determinations; the age composition of stock, growth rate, length-weight relationship, condition, stage of gonads maturity as well as the age at first maturity were investigated, too.
The two bathydraconid species, Gymnodraco acuticeps and Cygnodraco mawsoni, caught in the Ross Sea (Antarctic summer 2002) were examined for internal parasites. All specimens (four G. acuticeps and one C. mawsoni) were infected. G. acuticeps harboured larval Cestoda (bilocular tetraphyllidean cercoids, diphyllobothriid plerocercoids) and Nematoda (Contracaecum spp.), acanthocephalan cystacanths and adult helminths (three species of Digenea and one species of Nematoda). Two specimens of C. mawsoni (including data from one additional specimen examined earlier) were infected by larval Cestoda (bilocular cercoid) and Nematoda (Contracaecum spp.) and adult helminths (three species of Digenea and one species of Nematoda). The present data are compared and discussed with the relevant literature data.
Body length-dependent variability of the 5 following characteristics, commonly regarded as diagnostic, was studied: head length, maximum body depth, interorbital distance, horizontal eye diameter, and snout length. Ray counts in the dorsal, anal, and pectoral fins were analysed. Skeletal bones were described in detail, based on material from 3 individuals. The data obtained served to extend the species description. Functional and evolutionary importance of variability in the characters studied was analysed.
Six of seven fish species of Artedidraconidae caught in the Weddell Sea were infected with Digenea. Prevalence of infection was relatively high, 18-71%, but intensities were very low, never exceeding four digeneans. In all, 10 digenean species were found: Macvicaria microtestis, Stenakron glacialis, Lepidapedon garrardi, Neolepidapedon trematomi, Steringophorus arntzi, Genolinea bowersi, Derogenes johnstoni, Elytrophalloides oatesi, Glomericirrus macrouri, and Otodistomum cestoides (metacercaria). None of these species was specific for Artedidraconidae. According to literature data, the total number of digeneans of Artedidraconidae is 14 species, of which 12 have been identified, including the 10 listed above, Neolebouria terranovaensis and Lecithaster macrocotyle; two (possibly specific for Artedidraconidae) are undetermined yet. The low diversity of digenean species in areas other than the Weddell Sea (three species in each of three areas) is probably the result of limited data available so far. Knowledge of the digenean fauna of Artedidraconidae is much less complete than that of three other notothenioid families, Nototheniidae, Channichthyidae and Bathydraconidae.
Four digenean species, Stenakron glacialis, Lepidapedon garrardi, Steringophorus arntzi and Otodistomum cestoides (metacercariae) were recorded in three of four bathydraconid species (59 specimens) examined in the Weddell Sea. The only previously reported species, Elytroplicilloides oatesi, was found there only in other hosts. The total number of digenean species known as occurring in Bathydraconidae in Antarctica increased to 13. They were recorded in eight of ten host species examined. However, only a few specimens of most of bathydraconid species were investigated. Most of digenean species are more abundant in other fishes, especially in Nototheniidae and Channichthyidae. S. arntzi and S. glacialis normally occur in Bathydraco marri and Racovitzia glacialis respectively, but they were occasionally found also in Artedidraconidae; the latter was reported also from a liparidid. Intensities of infections are usually low, except in three large predatory species, Parachaenichthys charcoti, P. georgianus and Cygnodraco mawsoni, which can be parasitized by about 100 or more digeneans in some single hosts.
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