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The proportions of animal inclusions and syninclusions in a sample of unselected Baltic amber from the Sambian deposit are presented.
Contrary to insects, snails only rarely become embedded in amber. Snail inclusions dealt with in this paper come from Baltic amber: five represent species described at the end of the 19th c., whose status has now been revised, two are of uncertain position, one is a Leiostyla - a genus not previosly found in amber, and one - Propupa hoffeinsorum gen. and sp. nov., with its unique apertural barriers - may prove an important link in further studies on the origin, evolution and distribution of pupilloids. Reasons for the rarity of snail inclusions and geographical affinities of the Baltic amber snails are discussed. A catalogue of Baltic amber snails is provided.
In a small piece of Baltic amber several poorly preserved amphipod crustaceans were found. The most probable seems to be the affinity of these amphipods to the freshwater family Crangonyctidae.
The history and scope of the collection of inclusions in Baltic amber of the Muséum d’histoire naturelle Neuchâtel (MHNN) is briefly outlined. Diptera are largely dominant, with some 4600 specimens belonging to 38 families, some of which are of rare or very rare occurrence in Baltic amber. A table summarizing the families represented in the collection and including the number of specimens of each of them is provided.
The male subimago of Analetris secundus sp. nov. is described and illustrated from the Eocene Baltic amber. A new species presents the first fossil representative of the previously monotypie genus Analetris Edmunds, 1972. The extant species Analetris eximia Edmunds, 1972 is known from the Northwestern of the North America. Critical characters distinguishing these both species are discussed.
The new genera and species of the new fossil tribe Protodikraneurini trib. nov. of leafhoppers (Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) are described. The new genera and species are: Protodikraneura gen. nov. with Protodikraneura cephalica sp. nov. and Protodikraneura nasti sp. nov., Stareono mirabilis gen. nov. and sp. nov. The keys to recently recognized tribes of Typhlocybinae is given. Taxonomie position of Protodikraneurini as well as extant tribes of Typhlocybinae is discussed. Some other fossils formerly believed to be representatives of Typhlocybinae and their placement is also discussed. "Typhlocyba" bremi Heer, 1855 is excluded from Typhlocybinae.
Asida groehni sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Asidini) is described from Eocene Baltic amber from the Kaliningrad Region (Russia). This is the first fossil species belonging to the genus Asida Latreille, 1802 and only the eighth described darkling beetle species from Eocene Baltic amber. This species helps support the hypothesis that the climate in this part of Europe was warmer during Eocene, as no Asida species are currently present in the Baltic area due to not appropriate climate. This new fossil species is similar to modern Asida species in the subgenus Planasida Escalera, 1907, which occur in the Iberian Peninsula and the Maghreb, but it differs from all known Asida in pronotal sculpturing and pilosity, and by its yellow brown shiny cuticle, well visible on the pronotal disc. Despite species-level differences, the new extinct species appears to fit easily within the extant genus Asida.
A new species of the genus Dicranomyia Stephens, 1829 (Diptera: Limoniidae) from Baltic amber (Eocene) is described. The characteristic feature distinguishing a new species, D. gorskii sp. nov. is the presence of the surprisingly strong and elongate spine on rostral prolongation of ventral gonostylus. The morphological features of the new species are briefly discussed. New replacement name Dicranomyia alexandri nom. nov. for Dicranomyia nagellata (Alexander, 1931) is proposed to avoid with Dicranomyia nagellata Edwards, 1928.
Aphids are marked by their high polymorphism, but species reported from Baltic amber are known only from one morph. Aphids most frequently observed in Baltic amber belong to the genus Germaraphis HEIE but only apterous morphs and larval forms are aboundant. On the other hand, the genus Mindarus KOCH is known only from alate morphs. Of superfamily Phylloxeroidea (comprising Adelgidae, Elektraphididae and Phylloxeridae) only the extinct family Elektraphididae is known from Baltic amber. Although as many as 10 species have been described, only alate morphs have been reported. In collection of the Museum of the Earth in Warsaw apterous representatives of Adelgidae (Adelges balticus sp. n.) and Phylloxeridae (Acanthochermes longirostris sp. n.) have been found and described.
Burshtynogena fereci gen. and sp. nov. from Eocene Baltic amber is described and illustrated. Burshtynogena gen. nov. differs from other known Heptageniidae genera by the combination of the following characters: pterostigmatic area only with simple, not anastomoused veins; furcasternal protuberances of mesothorax almost rectangular; hind wing narrow (the width/length ratio = 0.45) with well developed venation; tarsal claws dissimilar on all legs; subgenital plate small, narrow, poorly developed, shallow sinuous; subanal plate with slightly concave posterior margin.
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