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This study was conducted to determine the effects of Bacillus licheniformis (Bl) and Clostridium butyricum (Cb) and their combinations with yeast culture on in vitro rumen fermentation in a two-way factorial design. Treatments included Bl or Cb at levels of 0, 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 mg and their combination with yeast culture at 0, 18, 27, 36 and 60 mg per 200 mg substrate, respectively. Gas production was recorded after 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h incubation. In vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) was estimated by 24 h gas production. Rumen fermentation parameters were determined after 24 h of incubation. Rate constant of gas production was not influenced by Bl or Cb alone, but increased (P<0.05) with inclusion of yeast culture. The IVOMD was influenced (P<0.05) by addition with Bl, Cb or yeast culture, with highest IVOMD observed when Bl or Cb was combined with 60 mg yeast culture. Total volatile fatty acids were affected by Bl and yeast culture (P<0.01), but not by Cb (P>0.05). There were significant interaction effects on pH, acetate to propionate ratio and ammonia-N between yeast culture and Bl or Cb. From the above results, it is indicated that Bl and Cb may be more effective as feed additives when combined with yeast culture than when offered separately.
This paper reports the results of kinetic studies of biodenitrication in which Bacillus licheniformis bacteria are involved, in a medium including either sodium glutamate or aspartic acid as the sole source of carbon. The determined kinetic parameters of the process proved that sodium glutamate is a more effective source of carbon in the process of nitrate reduction, but it is less preferred by bacteria in the process of nitrite reduction.
In this paper we present the results of the study on the effect of n-decane, n-pentane, diesel oil and petrol on the denitrifieation process occuring in the presence of Bacillus licheniformis bacteria. We found that only diesel oil and n-decane could be degraded during denitrifieation catalyzed by bacteria, while petrol and n-pentane inhibited the process.
In this paper the effect of Mo6+, W6+, and Cu2+ ions on kinetics of denitrification and growth of Bacillus licheniformis is presented. The absence lack of Mo6+ and Cu2+ in the growth medium appeared to have no effect on the kinetics of the process. This fact suggests that these ions are not a part of the active centers of denitrification enzymes. Additionaly tungsten (VI) which is competitive to molybdenum (VI) does not inhibit denitrification in concentrations up to 0.1 g/dm3. Molibdenum (VI) starts to inhibit denitrification from 5.0 g/dm3 and copper (II) starting from 0.03 g/dm3.
The effect of concentration of N,N-Bis(3-aminepropyl)dodecylamine (APDA) used in disinfectants (Lonzabac) on the kinetics of denitrification and desulfurication processes proceeding with the use of Bacillus licheniformis and Desulfotomaculum ruminis bacteria, was studied. The kinetic equation for denitrification in a medium containing the microbiocide tested was derived, the parameters of the process were calculated and the toxicity limits of APDA were established. The latter are of importance when considering means for environment protection against APDA effect on the nitrogen and sulphur cycles.
The influence of ammonia ions and oxygen on the kinetics of denitrification and culture growth of Bacillus licheniformis bacteria is reviewed. It was determined that these microorganisms can utilize both 02 and NO -3 as electron acceptors. They are also able to assimilate NH4+ and NO 3-, and it is conceivable that they also assimilate nitrogen and catalyze nitrification reactions.
W pracy opisano immobilizację subtilizyn: z B. subtilis IBTC-3 (typu BPN’), alkalostabilnej z B. alcalophilus BP92 oraz Carlsberg z B. licheniformis na celulozie Whatman oraz szkle porowatym, wykorzystując metodę diizocyjanianową. Lepsze rezultaty dała immobilizacja na szkle porowatym przy użyciu heksametylenodiizocyjanianu. Aktywność proteolityczna immobilizowanych preparatów wynosiła (37,5 - 46,7 mjA/g nośnika przy wydajności 33 - 44%). W pracy określono ponadto właściwości subtilizyny ze szczepu B. subtilis IBTC-3 immobilizowanej na szkle porowatym. Uzyskany preparat enzymatyczny wykazywał optymalną aktywność proteolityczną w pH = 10,7 i temperaturze 60 – 65°C.
We studied the effect of N-oxide of N, N-dimethyl-dodecylamine (DDAO) on catabolic activity of the Bacillus genus bacteria involved in the process of denitrificantion. The laboratory tests have proved that the presence of DDAO in concentrations greater than 75 ppm extends the time of nitrate (V) reduction, while the concentration of the intermediate-formed nitrates (III) is inhibited at the level of 80 mg/dm³. Further increase in DDAO concentration, to 10000 ppm, extends the nitrate (V) reduction time to about 115 hours, while the concentration of nitrates (III), formed in the second stage of the reaction, does nor change and remains at a level of 80-100 mg N-NO₂⁻/dm³. The process of denitrification is accompanied by a decrease in COD (biodegradation), whose concentration after completion of the process is 54% in the samples containing 75 ppm DDAO to 31% in the samples containing 10,000 ppm DDAO. Simultaneously, the concentration of proteins decreases from 70% to 30% in the medium containing DDAO in the concentration of 10,000 ppm.
The subject of study was the effect of trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCICA) and sodium salt of dichloroisocyanuric acid (NaDCIC) - the compounds used as disinfectant, on the kinetic of denitrification and desulfurication run with the use of bacteria from the Bacillus and Desulfatomaculum genera. The inhibitory effect of the compounds tested on microbiological activity of the bacteria was evidenced and the limiting values of their admissible and toxic concentrations were determined which is of importance for protection of natural environment against the influence of wastes which are formed after disinfection.
The influence of didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDDM) on the processes of denitrification - occurring with a contribution of Bacillus licheniformis bacteria, and desulfurication - with a contribution of Desulfotomaculum ruminis bacteria, was studied. It has been shown in laboratory conditions that the compound tested is not assimilable by the cultures of the above mentioned heterotrophic bacteria and the values of toxic concentrations of DDDM for the studied microorganisms were determined.
The effect of glutaraldehyde (GA) in different concentrations on microbiological activities of Bacillus licheniformis, Desulfotomaculum ruminis and Thiobacillus ferrooxidans bacteria used in the processes of denitrification, desulfurication and iron (II) oxidation, respectively, has been tested. For the sake of comparison, the effect of formaldehyde (FA) on the activities of the same organisms in the same conditions has been studied. The tolerated and toxic concentrations of the aldehydes were determined.
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