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1

New localities of Dermacentor reticulatus tick (vector of Babesia canis canis) in central and eastern Poland

100%
Zygner W., Gorski P., Wedrychowicz H.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
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2009
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tom 12
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nr 4
Dermacentor reticulatus tick is a vector and final host of Babesia canis canis, protozoan parasite of the dog. In Poland and other European countries, endemic regions for canine babesiosis caused by B. canis canis are the same as endemic regions for D. reticulatus. In many of these regions, canine babesiosis is the most prevalent tick-borne disease in dogs. In Europe, increasing range of geographical distribution of D. reticulatus is observed. A consequence of this fact may be increasing range of canine babesiosis. D. reticulatus is one of the most common ticks occurring in Poland, however, it occurs mainly in the north-eastern and eastern part of the country, and there are many areas in which this species has not been reported yet. In this study, D. reticulatus ticks were collected from March 2007 to November 2008 in central and eastern Mazowsze region, and in some localities in Białystok and Lublin regions. Twenty four new sites for D. reticulatus, mainly in central and eastern regions of Mazowsze Province have been found. 18 localities are placed on banks of the fishing ponds or in river valleys and 6 are forests borders or barren lands and meadows, not situated near rivers or other water reservoirs. All tick-rich sites are localized in river valleys or on pond banks. However, statistical analysis showed that there were no differences in the density of ticks between groups of areas. These results show that the occurrence of D. reticulatus in newly detected areas has became endemic. Probably woodless, unregulated river valleys are important migration tracts for this species of tick and enable them to penetrate new territories. It seems likely that geographical range of D. reticulatus is widening from east to west of Poland what can induce an increase in the number of canine babesiosis cases in areas non-endemic for B. canis canis and its vector. Climate change may be also partially responsible for earlier beginning of tick’s seasonal activity as well as for bigger faunal diversity (more potential host species both for adults and immature stages).
2

The clinical course of babesiosis in 76 dogs infected with protozoan parasites Babesia canis canis

100%
Adaszek L., Winiarczyk S., Skrzypczak M.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
|
2009
|
tom 12
|
nr 1
The aim of the study was to trace the clinical course of babesiosis in 76 dogs infected with Babesia canis protozoa and to assess the usefulness of PCR method in the routine diagnosis of the disease. The investigations were conducted in three successive seasons of the biological activity of ticks on dogs displaying possible clinical signs of babesiosis, the latter assigned individual numbers from 001 to 076. All the animals underwent routine clinical examinations and blood was collected for haematological, biochemical, parasitological and molecular tests for babesiosis. The most frequent clinical signs observed in the course of the disease were changes in urine colour and xanthosis or paleness of mucous membranes, whereas in the haematological and biochemical examinations, the most frequent laboratory findings were thrombocytopenia, leucopoenia, anaemia and an increase in levels of urea and bilirubin. In all blood smears stained with the May-Grunwald and Giemsa methods, from the 76 dogs, the presence of Babesia canis protozoa was observed in erythrocytes, and their DNA was detected in 69 blood samples by means of PCR technique. The course of the disease and the results of molecular examinations suggested the haemolytic form of babesiosis. The previous genetic analysis of isolates of Babesia canis canis from the eastern areas of Poland helped to distinguish two specific groups, A and B, within the species (Adaszek and Winiarczyk 2008a). The present study revealed a certain interrelation between the intensification of thrombocytopenia and the fact that protozoa belong to either group A or B. The mean number of thrombocytes in dogs infected with protozoa from group A was 61.11 thousand/mm3, whereas the mean number of thrombocytes in the blood of dogs infected with protozoa from group B was 27.47 thousand/mm3. A strong correlation was also observed between the low level of thrombocytes and the increase in the internal body temperature (p=0.02), accelerated pulse rate (p=0.01) and discoloration of urine (p=0.04). As a result of the treatment of dogs with imidocarb, recovery was observed in 73 out of the 76 dogs brought to the clinic.
3

Usefulness of touch-down PCR assay for the diagnosis of atypical cases of Babesia canis canis infections in dogs

100%
Sobczyk A. S., Kotomski G., Gorski P., Wedrychowicz H.
Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy
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2005
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tom 49
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nr 4
4

Abnormalities in serum proteins in the course of babesiosis in dogs

80%
Zygner W., Gojska-Zygner O., Wedrychowicz H.
Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy
|
2011
|
tom 55
|
nr 1
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the serum protein electrophoresis pattern in dogs infected with B. canis, and correlation between haematocrit and albumin/globulin ratio. The infection with B. canis was confirmed by PCR and sequencing of PCR products. Total serum protein concentrations were determined by a clinical chemistry analyser. Albumin, α₁-, α₂-, β₁-, β₂-, and γ-globulin concentrations were assayed by densitometric analysis after electrophoretic separation of serum proteins on agarose gel. The most common disorders in affected dogs were decreased α-globulin fractions, increased ß-globulin concentration, increased albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio, and hypoglobulinaemia. A decrease in ar and α₂-globulin concentration was detected accordingly in 54.8% and 32.3% of dogs. An increase in β₁- and β₂-globulin concentration, and increased A/G ratio was detected accordingly in 38.7%, 51.6%, and 38.7% of dogs. Hypoglobulinaemia was detected in 32.3% dogs. Changes detected in this study probably result from haemolysis, hypertransferrinaemia, increased C3a protein concentration (complement), and dehydration.
5

The first detection of Babesia EU1 and Babesia canis canis in Ixodes ricinus ticks [Acari, Ixodidae] collected in urban and rural areas in Northern Poland

70%
Cieniuch S., Stanczak J., Ruczaj A.
Polish Journal of Microbiology
|
2009
|
tom 58
|
nr 3
231-236
Ixodes ricinus, the most commonly observed tick species in Poland, is a known vector of such pathogenic microorganisms as TBE viruses, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lata, Anaplasma phagoeytophilum, Rickettsia helvetica, Babesia divergens and B. microti in our country. Our study aimed to find out whether this tick can also transmit other babesiae of medical and veterinary importance. DNA extracts of 1392 ticks (314 nymphs, 552 male and 526 female ticks) collected in urban and rural areas in the Pomerania province (northern Poland), were examined by nested PCR for the detection of Babesia spp., using outer primers: 5-22F and 1661R, and inner primers: 455-479F and 793-772R, targeting specific fragment of 18S rRNA gene. Overall, at least 1.6% ticks were found to be infected with babesial parasites. In the case of nymphs, the minimal prevalence was 0.6%, and it was approx. 3-times lower than in adults (1.9%). Percentages of infected males and females were comparable (2.0% vs. 1.7%). Sequences of 15/22 PCR-derived fragments of 18S rRNA gene demonstrated 100% similarities with the sequence of Babesia EU1 (proposed name B. venatorum) (acc. no. AY046575) (n= 13) and with B. cards canis (acc. no. AY321119) (n = 2), deposited in the GenBank database. The partial 18S rDNA sequences of Babesia EU1 and B. c. canis obtained by us from I. ricinus have been deposited in GenBank, accession nos. GQ325619 and GQ325620, respectively. The results obtained suggest the possible role of I. ricinus as a source of microorganisms, which have been identified as agents of human and canine babesiosis, respectively, in Europe. To our knowledge this is the first report on the occurrence of Babesia EU1 and B. c. canis in I. ricinus in Poland.
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