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Analizowano zmiany rozwojowe bylicy estragonu uprawianej w Polsce oraz sklad chemiczny olejku eterycznego i jego gromadzenie się w czasie dwuletniej wegetacji. Najwyższą masę ziela, zarówno w pierwszym, jak i drugim roku uprawy, uzyskano z sierpniowego terminu zbioru, przy czym w drugim roku uprawy masa ziela byla 2,5 razy większa niż w pierwszym roku uprawy. W roślinach jednorocznych i dwuletnich maksymalną zawartość olejku zaobserwowano w lipcu. Analiza składu chemicznego olejku eterycznego wykazała, że niezależnie od terminu zbioru, związkiem dominującym w olejku jest elemycyna. Stwierdzono również wyraźną zależność pomiędzy ß-pinenem i sabinenem a elemycyną.
The biological value of fresh and dried spice material is strongly influenced by climatic and agronomic conditions as well as by genetic and ontogenetic factors. In the available scientific literature, few publications present the problems of growing herbal plants for direct consumption and discuss the biological value of fresh herbal material. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the yield and quality of tarragon herb grown for bunching depending on plant density (20 × 20 cm and 30 × 30 cm) and harvest date (beginning of July and beginning of September). This study was conducted during the period 2010–2012 at the Experimental Station of the Department of Vegetable Crops and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, in south-east region of Poland (51º14’N 22º34’E). In fresh plant material, the contents of L-ascorbic acid, chlorophyll, carotenoids and essential oil were determined, while the contents of essential oil, tannins and flavonoids were determined in leaf herbage. The yield of tarragon herb grown for bunching was dependent on the plant density and harvest date as well as their interaction. Plants grown at lower density and harvested during the early summer period were characterized by better yield parameters compared to the other treatments. Tarragon herb harvested at the beginning of July was characterized by higher concentrations of L-ascorbic acid, chlorophyll a, b and a + b, flavonoids and essential oil as well as a lower content of tannins than the plant material harvested at the beginning of September. The carotenoid content in tarragon herb was not dependent on the factors studied, with their significant interaction. In growing tarragon for bunching, lower plant density can be recommended, since it contributes to high herb and essential oil yields. The beginning of July proved to be a more favourable time for harvesting tarragon grown for bunching than the beginning of September due to the quantity and biological value of tarragon yield and essential oil yield.
The aim of the research was to determine the content of essential oils in herb of two spe­cies: A. abrotanum and A. dracunculus as well as the quantitative evaluation of these oils and volatile components in hexane and methanol extracts from both tested species. It was found that herbs of A. abrotanum and A. dracunculus contained 2.340% v/w and 3.172% vAv of essential oils, respectively. Main components of essential oil from A. abrotanum were: piperitone (17.51%), davanone (16.75%), 1.8-cineole (12.54%), silphiperfol-5-en-3-ol A (6.28%), and germacrene D (5.87%). In oil from A. dracunculus, elemicin (48.78%), sabinene (18.88%), E-asarone (cis-izoelemicin) (13.32%), and methyl eugenol (7.63%) dominated. Compositions of volatile fractions of hexane and methanol extracts were similar to those of essential oil determined.
The studies were carried out in the years 2003 and 2004 in the Laboratory of Plant Raw Material Processing and Storage and in the Department of Vegetable Crops of Agricultural University in Szczecin. The aim of the experiment was to estimate the biological value, and suitability for freezing and freeze-storage of tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.), hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) and chervil (Anthriscus cerefolium L.) were carried out. The chemical analysis were carried out in a raw, frozen and stored material. The determinations included the content of dry matter, total ash, total nitrogen, nitrates, vitamin C as L-ascorbic acid, titratable acidity, total sugars and crude fibre. Among tested in the experiment species the highest amount of dry matter, total nitrogen and nitrates was noted for hyssop. Chervil was characterized by a high content of total ash, total sugars, titrable acidity and L-ascorbic acid. The highest content of crude fibre was found in tarragon. After freezing the level of dry matter, total ash, total nitrogen, crude fibre, total sugars, titrable acidity and L-ascorbic acid decreased. The samples of herbs were frozen and stored at –25 ÷ –27°C for 6 and 12 months. Twelve-month storage had a significant influence on the further decrease of the content of total nitrogen, titrable acidity and L-ascorbic acid. Tested in the experiment spice herb cultivars showed a good ability for freezing and long-period cold storage. The dry matter loss after twelve month storage was on average 1.5%. According to the color, taste and aroma the highest quality after twelve month cold storage was noted for chervil. However, better preservation of L-ascorbic acid was found for hyssop and tarragon.
The aim of the study was to estimate the influence of a sowing date (10 April, 25 April and 10 May) on the quantity and quality of the yield of tarragon grown for a bunch harvest. The yields of tarragon plants were assayed in 2004-2006. Chemical analyses were made in the years 2004 and 2005. In the dry plant material, the content of macro- and microelements: total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sodium, magnesium, manganese, zinc, iron and copper was assessed. Moreover, the content of essential oils in dry plant material was estimated. In the raw plant material, the content of L-ascorbic acid and the scavenging effect on DPPH radical were measured. It was proved that the sowing dates had a significant effect on the yield quantity. Significantly higher yield (424.5 kg⋅100 m-2) was obtained when seeds were sown on 10 May. The yield significantly decreased when seeds were sown on 10 April. The test sowing dates had no significant effect on the biometrical characteristics of tarragon plants during the harvest; only the leaves were significantly wider when the earliest sowing date was used. The yields were characterized by a high content of mineral compounds. However, the content of iron was twice as high in 2004 as in 2005. Also, the content of zinc and copper was higher in the first year of the study, respectively by 87.2% and 76.9%, compared with the yield obtained in the year 2005. The content of essential oils (mean for years of the study) was 0.59%, that of L-ascorbic acid was 10.08 mg⋅100 g-1 f.m. and the scavenging effect of tarragon herb on DPPHradical was 26.74%.
Celem pracy było określenie zawartości azotanów(V) w świeżych ziołach przyprawowych: bazylii pospolitej (Ocimum basilicum L.) odmiany ‘Wala’, cząbru ogrodowego (Satureja hortensis L.), bylicy estragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.), lubczyka ogrodowego (Levisticum officinale L.), lebiodki pospolitej (Origanum vulgare L.) oraz tymianku pospolitego (Thymus vulgaris L.) i po ich utrwaleniu za pomocą suszenia w temperaturze 30 - 35 °C i zamrażania w temperaturze -25 °C. W świeżym materiale roślinnym oraz w surowcu po utrwaleniu i przechowywaniu przez 60, 120, 180 i 240 dni oznaczono zawartość azotanów(V) metodą kolorymetryczną. Stwierdzono, że istotnie największą zawartością NO3- w świeżym zielu charakteryzowały się: bazylia pospolita i lebiodka pospolita, a najmniejszą – ziele tymianku pospolitego. Bezpośrednio po zamrożeniu nastąpiło zmniejszenie koncentracji NO₃⁻ we wszystkich gatunkach ziół. Podobna tendencja dotyczyła bazylii, lebiodki oraz lubczyku ogrodowego po wysuszeniu. Natomiast w zielu cząbra ogrodowego i tymianku pospolitego po wysuszeniu zaobserwowano wzrost zawartości NO₃⁻. W trakcie przechowywania mrożonek i suszu zawartość azotanów(V) systematycznie zwiększała się.
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