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Powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei is one of the most important diseases of barley in Poland. B. graminis is a genetically diverse pathogen with different special forms and races. The aim of the two-years’ experiment was to assess of B. gramins f. sp. hordei virulence frequency and powdery mildew occurrence on four winter barley cultivars. Virulence frequency of the pathogen depended on place and term of exposition. The occurrence of powdery mildew on four winter barley cultivars depended on virulence frequency of the pathogen and weather conditions.
Studies on palatability of some commom weed species, herbaceous plants and oilseed rape to D. reticulatum, A. lusitanicus and A. rufus slugs have been carried out under laboratory conditions. In food choice trials the rate and degree of damage to seedlings and leaf disks were determined for 20 plant species. The conducted experiments have also permitted to establish, which plant species were preferred or were not accepted by particular slug species. It was found that the studied slug species preferred seedlings and leaves of Brassica napus and Papaver rhoeas, but showed no preference for Epilobium hirsutum, Geranium sanguineum and Saponaria officinalis plants. As to the remaining plant species under study, the preferences exhibited by particular slug species were quite diverse.
The following slug species, Arion lusitanicus, Arion rufus, and Deroceras reticulatum were included in laboratory-based multi-choice food tests consisting of 19 herb plants and oilseed rape. Rates of damage to plants at the growth stage of 2-4 leaves were estimated for each slug species and all tested herb plants using oilseed rape as a reference. The following indices were calculated: acceptability index (A. I.), palatability index (P. I.) and consumption index (C. I.). Based on the obtained results four groups of plants were designated: unacceptable, lowly acceptable, moderately acceptable and highly acceptable. Brassica napus, Ocimum basilicum and Coriandrum sativum were accepted by all three examined slugs while Potentilla anserina and Chamaenerion angustifolium were rejected. The acceptance degree for remaining plants varied according to slug species.
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