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Stężony H₂SO₄ i p-dimetyloaminobenzaldehyd polecane są jako proste i dogodne odczynniki do wykrywania na płytkach chromatograficznych obecności związków poliacetylenowych (C₁₇) w wyciągach z Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv. (PV) i Polyscias fruticosa (L.) Harms. (PF). Do oznaczania heptadeka-1,8(E)-diene-4,6-diin-3,10-diolu, związku dominującego w obu badanych roślinach, zastosowano metodę spektrofotometrii w nadfiolecie. Związek ten występuje w PV w stężeniu 0,0038%, natomiast w PF - w stężeniu 0,0030%.
The antibacterial and antifungal activities of two main acetylenic compounds - falcarinol and heptadeca-1,8(E)-diene-4,6-diyne-3,10-diol, isolated from Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv. and Polyscias fruticosa (L.) Harms, were demonstrated for the first time by the observation of the MIC values of these compounds (using the dilution method in liquid medium, with DMSO as a solvent). It was shown that both compounds had a very strong action against Gram-positive cocci and dermatophytes, they also acted against Candida albicans and not so strong against Gram-negative bacilli.
Pięć związków o charakterze poliacetylenowym wyodrębniono po raz pierwszy z korzeni Polyscias fruticosa (L.) Harms. Strukturę ich ustalono na podstawie analizy widm spektralnych: Pf₁ - falkarinol, Pf₂ - heptadeca-1,8-(E)-dien-4,6-diin-3-ol-10-on, Pf₃ - heptadeka-1,8-(Z)-dien-4,6-diin-3-ol-10-on, Pf₄ - panaxydol, Pf₅ - heptadeka-1,8-(E)-dien-4,6-diin-3,10-diol.
The structure of floral nectaries of ivy (Hedera helix) was investigated under light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopes. The nectar of ivy is located on top of the inferior ovary forming a distinct undulating disc between the base of petals and the style. The ivy nectary represents open and persistent nectaries. During consecutive days of anthesis, nectaries change their colour from green to brown. The secretory epidermis is covered with a thick, deeply striated cuticle, and nectar is released by nectarostomata. Epidermal cells exhibited plastids with plastoglobules and a few starch grains as well as vacuoles containing anthocyanins, the content of which increased during the successive days of anthesis and nectar secretion. Multi-layered glandular parenchyma and, underneath, subglandular tissue are located under the epidermis. The nectary was supplied by vascular bundles with phloem and xylem. Numerous chloroplasts were visible in the cytoplasm of the external layers of glandular parenchyma; they were either typical with small starch grains or untypical with circular arrangement of thylakoids. Amyloplasts containing storage starch grains and numerous small vacuoles were present in the cells of deeper layers of the nectar-bearing tissue. Druses, flocculent residue, myelin figures and spherical deposits of unknown origin were visible in the gland parenchyma vacuoles.
Korea is relatively small in size but the flora is very rich in species composition and has very close floristic relationships with China and Japan. According to the most recent comprehensive floristic work, 3 914 taxa of vascular plants which comprise 189 families and 1 044 genera are known to be distributed in Korea. Among them, 407 taxa which belongs to 339 species 46 varieties and 22 forms are generally recognized as endemic to Korea. In addition, six genera including Abeliophyllum (Oleaceae), Echinosophora (Fabaceae), Hanabusaya (Campanulaceae), Homopterix (Apiaceae), Megaleranthis (Ranunculaceae), and Pentactina (Rosaceae) are strictly confined to Korean peninsula. The naturalized plants in Korea comprises 181 taxa belonging to 33 families, 176 species, 3 varieties and 2 forms. Eleutherococcus is an Asian endemic genus with about 35 species worldwide mainly distributed in Eastern North Asia. In Korea, six species and one variety have been known to distribute, however, through this study, Korean Eleutherococcus can be rearranged into 4 species and two varieties which includes E. gracilistylus, E. divaricatus var. divaricatus, E. divaricatus var. chiisanensis, E. sessiliflorus, and E. senticosus.
Cussonia barteri Seem (Araliaceae) is a deciduous tree growing in savannah of Africa. Ethnomedicinally, it is used in Africa as an analgesic, anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory, anti-anaemic, anti-diarhoea, anti-poison, ani-pyschotic and anti-epileptic agent. This review provides a brief summary on the phytochemical screenings, ethnomedicinal and pharmacological applications of various parts of C. barteri. Leaves, stem bark and seed of C. barteri have been shown to be rich in saponins, flavonoids, phenols, sugars and alkaloids. Some of these constituents have been isolated and elucidated from C. barteri. Several compounds isolated from plant include triterpenes, saponins, polyenyne and quinic esters. Phytochemical constituents are also partly responsible for biological activities of C. barteri. Extracts and components isolated from the plant have demonstrated neuropharmacological, anti-larvicidal, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Overall, the insights provided by this review reinforce the potential of C. barteri for drug development and create the need for further scientific probe of constituents of the plant with the aim of developing novel drug candidates.
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