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In the spring 1987, the author investigated of the mycoflora on the eel fry montée (Anguilla anguilla L.) and their environment in Mikołajskie Lake.
A total of 943 Anguilla anguilla (only digestive tract and swim bladder) from 3 areas of the south-east Baltic was examined for parasites. The investigation was carried out in July and August 1982-1990. Ten species of parasites were encountered: Deropristis inflata, Bothriocephalus claviceps, Proteocephalus macrocephalus, Raphidascaris acus, Camallanus lacustris, C. truncatus, Acanthocephalus anguillae, A. lucii, Echinorhynchus gadi and Pomphorhynchus laevis.
The abundance of the eel (Anguilla anguilla) in Europe has been on the decline in recent years, to the extent that this fish species is now considered to be threatened with extinction. Hence, the current implementation of the Eel Management Plan in Poland, whose aim is to restore w stocks of this fish. The main natural habitats of eel are the transitional waters of the Vistula and Szczecin lagoons and lakes in northern Poland. The eel is highly valued by many consumers for the taste and texture of its meat. The aim of the study was to determine differences in concentrations of macro- and microelements and toxic metals in muscles of the eel as a function of each specimen’s length, mass and the origin. The results of the study also served an evaluation of the health benefits and risks to consumers of eel meat with regard to the content of macro- and microelements and toxic metals. Specimens of the eel (Anguilla anguilla) were caught in 2011-2013, in five regions of Poland: the southern Baltic, inland lakes in northeast Poland, the Vistula and Szczecin lagoons, and in the Vistula River. The concentrations of Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Sr, Zn and As were determined with optical emission spectrometry. The flameless atomic absorption spectrometry method was used to measure concentrations of Cu, Cd and Pb. The content of Hg and Se were determined with atomic absorption, those of mercury with cold vapour, and of selenium with hydride generation. The concentrations of macro- and microelements in most instances, with the exception of P and Zn, were negatively correlated with the eel’s length and mass, which indicated that small fish contained more minerals than large specimens. The eel is a rich source of phosphorus, zinc, selenium and iron, and it can supply significant quantities of the daily requirements of human consumers for these minerals. The other minerals occurred in eel muscle at levels that ranged from 2 to 6% of human daily requirements. Among the toxic metals, mercury was the cause for concern, while cadmium and lead occurred at low levels in all of the specimens examined regardless of their size. The mean concentration of mercury ranged from 0.147 to 0.273 mg kg-1 and was positively correlated with specimen length and mass. The content of mercury in large eel exceeded 0.500 mg kg-1, while small eel (up to 70 cm) contained lower levels of mercury. Large eel exceeding 70 cm can pose a threat to the consumer’s health because of mercury, and especially its organic from of methylmercury. This is why consumers should limit long-term consumption of larger eel, while it is safe to consume smaller specimens since they contain less mercury and more minerals than do large eel.
The authors investigated the mycoflora developing on the dead glass eel (montée) and elvers (Anguilla anguilla L.)
This paper reports the results of a supplementary study to research conducted previously on the stimulating effect of defined spectral ranges of light on the growth rate of the European eel Anguilla anguilla L. The aim was to study the eel's potential selectivity and behavioral preference for defined light band wavelengths which are recognized as optimal colors. Eel specimens from a wild population were acclimatized in a laboratory for six months under natural daylight conditions. Five randomly selected specimens were then held in an aquarium divided into four compartments. Each compartment was irradiated for 7 h daily with tungsten bulb light that was transmitted through a glass filter of a specific transmission band (white, red, violet and green). The fish could enter any of the compartments and stay in them at will. The intensity of irradiance measured at the central point of each compartment was maintained at a standard level. During the 105-day experiment, 61 records of fish distribution in the particular compartments were obtained. Individual preferences for definite colors were estimated statistically. The eels gathered twice as frequently in the compartments irradiated with violet and green light than in those irradiated with white or red. The tendency for them to congregate in groups was also significantly higher in violet and green light than in white or red (P < 0.001). The lighting preferences are considered to be optimal for the biology of this species.
Within 2001-2002 a total of 621 eel Anguilla anguilla (L., 1758) (488 from the Vistula Lagoon and 133 from the Puck Bay) were examined. Fifteen parasite taxa were recovered: Pseudodactylogyrus anguillae (Yin et Sproston, 1948), Brachyphallus crenatus (Rudolphi, 1802), Deropristis inflata (Molin, 1859), Diplostomum spp., Bothriocephalus claviceps (Goeze, 1782), Proteocephalus macrocephalus (Creplin, 1825), Anguillicola crassus (Kuwahara, Niimi et Itagaki, 1974), Camallanus lacustris (Zoega, 1776), Cystidicola farionis Fischer, 1798, Hysterothylacium aduncum (Rudolphi, 1802), Raphidascaris acus (Bloch, 1779), Acanthocephalus anguillae (Müller, 1780), A. lucii (Müller, 1776), Echinorhynchus gadi Müller, 1776, and Pomphorhynchus laevis (Müller, 1776), representing Monogenea, Digenea, Cestoda, Nematoda, and Acanthocephala, respectively. Ten of these taxa occurred in the Vistula Lagoon, while fourteen were noted in the, Puck Bay. P. anguillae, Diplostomum spp., C. lacustris, C. farionis and P. laevis were not found in the lagoon eels, while B. crenatus did not occur in the bay. Anguillicola crassus was the most frequently found parasite (Vistula Lagoon: prevalence 75%, mean intensity 6.9 specimens; Puck Bay: 74.4%, and 8.3 specimens, respectively). Pseudodactylogyrus anguillae was recorded for the first time in the Puck Bay.
The close phylogenetic relatedness among eels and their many species often necessitates applying genetic studies (PCR-RFLP) to identify the various species within the order Anguilliformes. This article presents a method for differentiating between European and Japanese eel based on the dentition of the upper jaw and the mouth cavity vault (vomer section). In European eel the row of teeth at the edge of the jaw is wider and has more teeth in comparison to that of the Japanese eel. The lengths and widths of the middle strip of the mouth cavity vaults are longer and wider in European eel than in Japanese eel.
The aim of the project was to collect and analyze data regarding European eel stocking in Polish inland waters in 2012. Sixty-seven fisheries enterprises that exploited 295,457 ha of waters, including 82,532 ha of waters in the Oder River drainage basin, and 212,925 ha of waters in the Vistula River drainage basin, were surveyed. The number of reared eel released into these waters was 3.4 indiv. ha'1. The mean individual weight of this material was 23 g, the value was 7.96 PLN ha'1., and 83 % of the water surface areas surveyed were stocked. The types of eel stocking material obtained from importers or producers released into these waters comprised 18,799 kg (1,747,433 indiv.) eel fry, of which 9,465 kg (1,559,700 indiv.) were of a unit weight of up to 10 g.
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