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Experiments were carried out in the experimental station “Marcelin” of Poznań University of Life Sciences in 2006. The objective of this study was to compare eight dill cultivars in order to determine their usefulness for cultivation in containers in different lighting conditions (PPFD -100 and 75 μmol·m-2·s-1).The following cultivars ‘Amat’, ‘Ambrozja’, ‘Herkules’, ‘Krezus’, ‘Kronos’, ‘Lukullus’, ‘Skaner’ and ‘Szmaragd’ were compared. In the first week of cultivation, higher plants and greater biomass were obtained in the cultivation at 100 µmol. m-2.s-1 in comparison with plants growing at 75 µmol. m-2.s-1. After four weeks of growth, no differences in the parametric assessment of plants growing at 100 µmol. m-2.s-1 and at 75 µmol. m-2.s-1 were observed. ‘Ambrozja’ cultivar was characterized by the highest growth dynamics and value of LAI index, while ‘Skaner’ by the lowest. The performed experiments showed that ‘Ambrozja ‘cultivar is the most suitable one for cultivation in containers.
The investigation was carried out on the usable parts of dill plants, cultivars Amat, Ambrozja, and Lukullus, grown from spring to autumn. Dill seeds were sown on 10th April, 10th May, 10th June, 10th July, and 10th August 2000. Harvesting was conducted when the dill plants reached the height of 25-cm i.e. after 36-45 days, depending on the cultivar and period of cultivation. The content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophylls, and volatile oils was determined in the leafy part and in leaves with petioles of dill.
The evaluation concerned usable parts of dill plants, cultivars Amat, Ambrozja, and Lukullus, grown in five cycles. The dill was sown on 10th April, 10th May, 10th June, 10th July, and 10th August. Harvesting was carried out when the plants were 25 cm in height, i.e. within 36-45 days of sowing. The basic discriminants of the chemical composition were determined in leaves of dill alone and in those with petioles. Leaves of dill when compared with leaves with petioles contained far greater amounts of dry matter, total sugars, dietary fibre, and total and protein nitrogen, smaller differences concerning ash, titration acidity, reducing sugars, and starch.
Content of total phenolics, phenolic acids and flavonoids in different extracts of fresh and thermal processed dill were investigated. Antioxidant activity, exhibited as a DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging abilities were also studied. The highest content of total phenolics, phenolic acids and flavonoids was found in the samples of fresh dill extracted with 50% acetone (35.23; 19.49; 30.39 mg/g dw., respectively), the lowest in the case of methanolic extracts of dried dill (17.73; 7.58; 4.05 mg/g dw., respectively). It is noteworthy that studied extracts showed higher scavenging activity against ABTS (max > 25%) then DPPH radicals (max >15%). The best results were obtained in the case of extracts of dried dill. On the other hand, the lowest activity was found in the extracts of frozen dill. No significant correlations between phenolic compounds content and antiradical activities were found. We concluded that thermal processed dill exhibited free radical scavenging abilities, better or comparable with fresh samples and can be used as it valuable substitute.
The level of nitrates, nitrites, total and soluble oxalates was determined in dill plants. Analyses of plants, which were 20-60 cm in height, and of their separate parts were carried out. In general the higher the plants, the smaller was the content of nitrates. With the assumption that the content of nitrates in whole plants is 100%, the leaf blade contained 34-49% of nitrates, the leaf petiole 127-188%, the whole leaf 68-94%, and the stem 110-135%. The level of nitrites was very low, varying within the range of 0.01-0.41 in 1 kg of dill. The higher the plants, the greater was the content of total oxalates. With the content found in whole plants taken as 100% the leaf blade contained 104-128%, the petiole 103-117%, and the whole leaf 103-125%, while the content in dill stem was 87-92%. The proportion of soluble oxalates in total oxalates was 61-71% in the leaf blade, 14-19% in the petiole, 47-51% in the intact leaf, 13-40% in the stem, and 25-49% in the whole plant. Only in the case of the stem and whole plant was this proportion greater the smaller the plant.
Three cultivars of dill were used for the experiment: ‘Szmaragd’, ‘Ambrozja’ and ‘Herkules’. The sensory quality included analysis of fresh and dry herb of dill (drying at 38 °C). Results of two years of experiments showed that sensory quality of fresh and dry herbs of dill depends on cultivars. In 2011 the best overall quality was found for the fresh dill of ‘Szmaragd’ cultivar analysed after harvest. In 2012 the best results were noted for the fresh dill of ‘Ambrozja’ cultivar. The lowest quality scores of the two years of experiments were observed for the fresh dill of ‘Herkules’. Drying significantly influences the sensory quality of dry herb of dill.
The investigated three dill cultivars Amat, Ambrozja, and Lukullus, were grown in five periods from spring to autumn. Harvesting was carried out when the plants reached 25 cm in height, i.e. within 36-45 days. The extreme usable yields of leaves reached 45-99 kg and of leaves with petioles 68-205 kg from 100 m2. These values constituted 36-44% and 57-87% of the commercial yield. The following yields of the components analysed were recorded from 1 m2: dry matter 76-194 g, total sugars and starch 13-31 g, dietary fibre 15-33 g, total nitrogen 4-9 g, ash 10-37 g, vitamin С 618-1290 mg, beta-carotene 19-55 mg, total chlorophylls 722- 1735 mg, and volatile oils 212-1142 mm3. The highest yields of volatile oils were obtained from the May and July sowings and of the remaining components from the April and August growing periods. In general, the cultivar Amat gave a higher usable yield of dry matter and also a higher yield of the analysed components.
The level of vitamin C, L-ascorbic acid, carotenoids, and beta-carotene was compared in leaves and whole plants of dill stored in at ambient temperature and in a cold room. The evaluation was carried out at two-day intervals up to the time when in the organoleptic aspect the stored material lost its technological and commercial quality. In ambient temperature it occurred after two and in the cold room after 14 days. After two-day storage at ambient temperature the losses in fresh weight reached 51-56% in the case of L-ascorbic acid, 35-51% of vitamin C, 8-18% of carotenoids, and 15-20% of beta-carotene. After 14-day storage at cold room temperatures the losses in respective components amounted to 42-56%, 34—56%, 14-26%, and 11-31%.
In the usable parts of dill plants of cultivars Amat, Ambrozja, and Lukullus, grown in five cycles from spring to autumn, the level of vitamin C, carotenoids, beta-carotene, and polyphe­nols was determined. In the fresh leafy part of dill the content of the analysed components was significantly greater than in leaves with petioles. In the fresh matter of the leafy part the content of vitamin C varied from 97-170 mg/100 g, of carotenoids from 27.5-42.2 mg/100 g, of beta-carotene from 3.51-6.71 mg/100 g, and polyphenols from 167-288 mg/100 g. The differentiation of the cultivars was small, Amat being suggested as that of the most abundant content of the components analysed. With respect to the growing periods, the lowest level of all the constituents was determined in the September harvest.
W trakcie przechowywania kopru przez 4 dni w magazynie niechłodzonym obserwowano przede wszystkim zmiany poziomu azotanów(lll), których ilość w badanych częściach użytkowych obniżyła się średnio o 42%. W całych roślinach kopru składowanych przez 14 dni w warunkach chłodniczych zawartość azotanów(V) obniżyła się o 43%. Po tym okresie koncentracja azotanów(III) nie zmieniła się. Ponadto, niezależnie od temperatury magazynowania, w części liściowej obserwowano niewielki wzrost azotanów(V). Koper po przechowywaniu, w porównaniu do surowca świeżego, zawierał mniej szczawianów ogółem o 15-48% i szczawianów rozpuszczalnych o 38-58%.
Zawartość analizowanych składników w koprze zależała od odmiany i terminu uprawy. Azotanów(V) w części liściowej stwierdzono 669-1732 mg, a w liściach łącznie z ogonkiem liściowym 1265 - 4205 mg NO3- /1000 g, azotanów(III) odpowiednio 0,31-0,94 mg i 0,21-0,53 mg NO3-/1000 g, zaś szczawianów 39-187 mg i 32-164 mg/100 g. Najmniej azotanów kumulowała odmiana Amat, a szczawianów Lukullus. Wyraźnie wyższy poziom azotanów i szczawianów notowano w ostatnim, wrześniowym zbiorze.
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