Field experiments were conducted from 1995 to 1997 in order to evaluate seed yield and its structure in four soybean cultivars: Aldana, Polan, Progres, and Nawiko; in 1997, a cultivar Gaj was included. Seed and protein yields were significantly affected by the soybean cultivars. Of the cultivars under study, the highest yields of seeds and protein were obtained from cv. Nawiko and cv. Aldana. High yields of cv. Aldana resulted from its mass of 1,000 seeds, and those od cv. Nawiko from high number of pods per plant. The cultivars compared, had similar protein content (31.8-33.0%). The highest indices of nutritive value of protein showed cv. Nawiko.
This work is a review of selected literature on the species of Brassica with the greatest economic significance. Oilseed rape (Brassica napus ssp. oleifera) currently ranks third worldwide among oilseed crops used for oil production and is the most important in the temperate zone. The manifold uses of rape include not only human consumption of oil, but also the use of post-extraction meal to feed livestock as well as industrial applications as a source of bioenergy or cellulose. The improvement in the economic position of rape among crop plants is also due to the doubling of its yield between 1970 and 2009; the average annual increase in seed yield worldwide was 27 kg ha−1 yr−1. The yield level in Europe exceeds the average yields achieved in the world, particularly in Asia. Recently, the cultivation of oilseed rape was started on a relatively large acreage in Iran where the yield amounted 2.1 t ha−1, exceeding the yields of China and India. In Poland, the acreage of oilseed rape cultivation between 1965 and 2013 increased 3–4 times, and during this period the annual increase in seed yield was 29 kg ha−1 yr−1. Under the field conditions of the temperate climate zone, winter oilseed rape yield is mainly determined by agro-climatic conditions during the growing period, the level of nitrogen fertilization, and the production potential of varieties, which is currently highest in hybrids. There is a noticeable tendency of hybrids towards formation of more siliques by individual oilseed plants. Different production categories of plants appear in a rape crop. Semi-dwarf varieties of winter rapeseed are distinguished by greater silique density, particularly on the main shoot. Moreover, these hybrids are characterized by faster growth of the root system, which enables them to take up nitrogen from the soil more efficiently.
In the growing season 2014, yield and chemical composition of soybean cv. Merlin was studied in three localities in western Poland. Seeds dressed with Hi Stick SoybeanTM inoculant (Saatbau®) in Fix Fertig system were sown at the sowing density of 70 germinating seeds per 1 m². Agroclimatic conditions in the growing season of soybean in particular localities were highly diversified, mainly in the amount and distribution of rainfall. In the flowering stage (BBCH 69), soybean plants in Grodziec Śląski reached the highest weight. In further development stages, plants in Kołbacz had the highest weight of vegetative and generative parts (seeds and pod shells). In this locality, in the green maturity stage (BBCH 79) and full maturity stage (BBCH 89) soybean stand reached a biomass of approx. 5 Mg·ha⁻¹. Diversified production potential of soybean was determined by plant height which affected weight of a single plant. Higher plants had a greater number of pods and seeds. Correlation between pod length and its weight in the full maturity stage was moderate (R2 = 0.52). Chemical composition of soybean seeds indicated significant diversification between localities. Seeds in Grodziec Śląski had a higher total protein content. Seed yield in soybean depended on agroclimatic conditions, thus in Kołbacz, Pawłowice, Grodziec Śląski it was: 2.65, 1.55, 2.55 Mg·ha⁻¹, respectively. The lowest level of yield in soybean in Pawłowice (central part of Poland) resulted from the occurrence of flooding stress in early growth stages and long-term (June – August) drought in the summer.