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The cartographic study included numerous maps of the investigated area, to begin with the map drawn by Eilhard Lubin in 1618. For detailed analysis nineteenth - and twentieth-century maps were used, scaled 1:100 000 at least. Photointerpretative analysis were based on black-an-white, panchromatic air pictures taken in 1967, in the scale of 1:10 000. Those pictures do not include the lower part of the river valley. Besides, much archival material was examined. The lower and the middle part of the Słupia river is characterized by two terraced fluvial levels-a flood plain with numerous traces of meandering and a terrace situated above, bearing marks of the activity of braided beds and showing aeolian forms. The higher morphologic levels in the valley have a fluvioglacial character but a detailed evaluation of the photointerpretative features of their surface is difficult owing to large forests. Along the whole valley there frequently occur sectors which have the character of glacier troughs or of depressions of another origin, which can hardly be drained because they are surrounded by morainic deposits. This appears in the pictures as a darker phototone (field investigations show a higher level of ground water and large quantities of organogenic deposits) and a greater concentration of meander forms. Maps of the ninetieth and twentieth century have helped to date some of the more recent oxbows in a rather precise way. Most of them were cut offdduring flood-control work. The analysis of the maps has also helped to determine the side-movement rate of some meanders. In some cases, at the beginning of the twentieth century, it reached several metres yearly. It has also been stated that meanders neighbouring a fast developing bend frequently remain stabile. It proves that different sections of the river have adapted themselves individually to hydrologic conditions which changed naturally or artificially (flood-control and drainage work, hydrotechnical constructions). The comparison of information obtained through the analysis of cartographic material with the contents of air pictures and field investigations shows a curious fact: many meanders cut off in the latest 150 years have been hardly preserved. They can be hardly observed both on the ground and in the air pictures. They are usually not deeply filled and the deposits are the same as in the flood plain surrounding the palaeomeander. Only the forms which undercut higher morphoIogic levels are readable.
Badano wpływ dymu tytoniowego, aniliny, relanium oraz diety niskobiałkowej na zdolność rozrodczą i potomstwo szczurów. Badania wykonano na sześciu miotach białych szczurów. W pierwszym etapie badano efekty działania dymu tytoniowego, którego stężenie kontrolowano drogą pomiaru tlenku węgla w powietrzu komory doświadczalnej.
Przebadano wpływ mleczka pszczelego i pyłku kwiatowego na przebieg zatrucia benzenem w warunkach kontrolowanej ekspozycji inhalacyjnej.
The effect of royal jelly and pollen on selected enzymes and bilirubine in plasma as well as TRI metabolites urine level was tested in experimental animals exposed to TRI vapours. IT was shown that mentioned above preparations applied during exposure to TRI cause lower increase of A1AT, AspAT, AP activity and bilirubine level in comparison with animals that were given TRI only. Urine excretion of TRI metabolite - trichloroacetic acid was reduced. Excretion of the second metabolite - tricliloroethanol was not changed.
Gwałtowny wzrost spożycia wyrobów tytoniowych, a także niekorzystna struktura palenia tytoniu w naszym kraju sprawia, że Polska należy do państw o najwyższej dynamice umieralności na choroby wywołane paleniem tytoniu, w tym nowotwory złośliwe. Wiąże się to także z wysoką zawartością substancji szkodliwych, również rakotwórczych, w polskich papierosach. Wyniki badań chemicznych wskazują, że poziom substancji smolistych, nikotyny, niektórych wielopierścieniowych węglowodorów aromatycznych, N-nitrozoamin, tlenku węgla, cyjanowodoru, formaldehydu oraz kadmu i ołowiu w polskich papierosach jest wyższy od odpowiednich poziomów w papierosach produkowanych w wielu krajach europejskich i USA oraz znacznie przekracza dopuszczalne tam normy.
Four-month-old female Wistar rats were exposed for 20 days to tobacco smoke obtained from non-filter cigarettes. During the exposure, concentration of tobacco smoke was monitored indirectly by measuring the CO level (1500 mg/m3 air). The efficacy of exposure was assessed by measuring urine nicotine and cotinine levels. Cigarette smoke did not change total cytochrome P450 and b5 protein levels in any of the organs studied, and most of these organs did not show any changes in the activity of reductases associated with these cytochromes. Following exposure to tobacco smoke, fetal rat liver expressed CYP2B1/2 protein; in newborns (day 1) both liver and lung showed CYP2B1/2 protein expression and very low pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylase activity. Western blot analysis of adult liver, lung, heart, but not of brain microsomes, showed that tobacco smoke induced CYP2B1/2 in both nonpregnant and pregnant rats, though its expression was lower in the livers and hearts of pregnant females. In the rat and human placenta, neither rat CYP2B1/2 nor human CYP2B6 showed basal or tobacco smoke-induced expression at the protein level. This study shows clearly that the expression of CYP2B1/2, which metabolizes nicotine and some drugs and activates carcinogens, is controlled in rats by age-, pregnancy-, and tissue-specific regulatory mechanisms.
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