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Aspergillus candidus: A respiratory hazard associated with grain dust

100%

Krysinska-Traczyk E., Dutkiewicz J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

2000

|

tom 07

|

nr 2

2

Occupational exposure to Aspergillus niger in a citric acid factory

100%

Krysinska-Traczyk E., Dutkiewicz J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

1996

|

tom 03

|

nr 1

3

Levels of fungi and mycotoxins in samples of grain and grain dust collected on farms in Eastern Poland

81%

Krysinska-Traczyk E., Kiecana I., Perkowski J., Dutkiewicz J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

2001

|

tom 08

|

nr 2

4

Size distribution of bacterial and fungal bioaerosols in indoor air

81%

Gorny R. L., Dutkiewicz J., Krysinska-Traczyk E.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

1999

|

tom 06

|

nr 2

5

Microflora of allergenic pollens - a preliminary study

81%

Spiewak R., Krysinska-Traczyk E., Sitkowska J., Dutkiewicz J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

1996

|

tom 03

|

nr 2

6

Levels of fungi and mycotoxins in the samples of grain and grain dust collected from five various cereal crops in Eastern Poland

81%

Krysinska-Traczyk E., Perkowski J., Dutkiewicz J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

2007

|

tom 14

|

nr 1

During combine harvesting of 5 various cereal crops (rye, barley, oats, buckwheat, corn) 24 samples of grain and 24 samples of settled grain dust were collected on farms located in the Lublin province of eastern Poland. The samples were examined for the concentration of total microfungi, Fusarium species, deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), and ochratoxin A (OTA). Microfungi able to grow on malt agar were present in 79.2% of grain samples and in 91.7% of grain dust samples in the concentrations of 1.0-801.3 × 103 cfu/g and 1.5-12440.0 × 103 cfu/g, respectively. The concentration of microfungi in grain dust samples was signifi cantly greater than in grain samples (p<0.01). Fusarium strains were isolated from 54.2% of grain samples and from 58.3% of grain dust samples in the concentrations of 0.1-375.0 × 103 cfu/g and 4.0-7,700.0 × 103 cfu/g, respectively. They were found in all samples of grain and grain dust from rye, barley and corn, but only in 0-16.7% of samples of grain and grain dust from oats and buckwheat. DON was found in 79.2% of grain samples and in 100% of grain dust samples in the concentrations of 0.001-0.18 μg/g and 0.006-0.283 μg/g, respectively. NIV was detected in 62.5% of grain samples and in 94.4% of grain dust samples in the concentrations of 0.004-0.502 μg/g and 0.005-0.339 μg/g, respectively. OTA was detected in 58.3% of grain samples and in 91.7% of grain dust samples in the concentrations of 0.00039- 0.00195 μg/g and 0.00036-0.00285 μg/g, respectively. The concentrations of DON, total fusariotoxins (DON + NIV) and OTA were signifi cantly greater in grain dust samples than in grain samples (p<0.05, p<0.05, and p<0.001, respectively). The concentration of Fusarium poae in the samples of rye grain and dust was signifi cantly correlated with the concentrations of DON (p<0.05), NIV (p<0.01), and total fusariotoxins (p<0.05). Similarly, the concentration of Fusarium culmorum in the samples of barley grain and dust was signifi cantly correlated with the concentration of total fusariotoxins (p<0.05). A signifi cant correlation was also found between the concentration of total fungi grown on malt agar and the concentration of OTA (p<0.05). In conclusion, although the concentration of DON, NIV and OTA in the samples of grain dust collected from 5 various cereals on farms in eastern Poland was not large, the persistent presence of these mycotoxins in over 90% of examined samples poses a potential health risk of chronic respiratory intoxication for exposed grain farmers.

7

Exposure to airborne microorganisms, dust and endotoxin during processing of peppermint and chamomile herbs on farms

71%

Skorska C., Sitkowska J., Krysinska-Traczyk E., Cholewa G., Dutkiewicz J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

2005

|

tom 12

|

nr 2

281-288

The aim of this study was to determine the levels of microorganisms, dust and endotoxin in the air during processing of peppermint (Mentha piperita) and chamomile (Matricaria recutita) by herb farmers, and to examine the species composition of airborne microflora. Air samples were collected on glass fibre filters by use of personal samplers on 13 farms owned by herb cultivating farmers, located in Lublin province (eastern Poland). The concentrations of total viable microorganisms (bacteria + fungi) in the farm air during processing of peppermint herb were large, within a range from 895.1-6,015.8 x 103 cfu/m3 (median 1,055.3 x 103 cfu/m3). During processing of chamomile herb they were much lower and varied within a range from 0.88-295.6 x 103 cfu/m3 (median 27.3 x 103 cfu/m3). Gram-negative bacteria distinctly prevailed during processing of peppermint leaves, forming 46.4-88.5% of the total airborne microflora. During processing of chamomile herb, Gram-negative bacteria were dominant at 3 out of 6 sampling sites forming 54.7-75.3% of total microflora, whereas at the remaining 3 sites the most common were fungi forming 46.2-99.9% of the total count. The species Pantoea agglomerans (synonyms: Erwinia herbicola, Enterobacter agglomerans), having strong allergenic and endotoxic properties, distinctly prevailed among Gram-negative isolates. Among fungi, the most common species was Alternaria alternata. The concentrations of airborne dust and endotoxin determined on the examined herb farms were large. The concentrations of airborne dust during peppermint and chamomile processing ranged from 86.7-958.9 mg/m3, and from 1.1-499.2 mg/m3, respectively (medians 552.3 mg/m3 and 12.3 mg/m3). The concentrations of airborne endotoxin determined during peppermint and chamomile processing were within a wide range 1.53-208.33 µg/m3 and 0.005-2604.19 µg/m3 respectively (medians 57.3 µg/m3 and 0.96 µg/m3). In conclusion, farmers cultivating peppermint are exposed during processing of this herb to large concentrations of airborne microorganisms, dust and endotoxin posing a risk of work-related respiratory disease. The exposure to bioaerosols during processing of chamomile is lower; nevertheless, peak values create a respiratory risk for exposed farmers.

8

Enzymatic activities of Aspergillus fumigatus strains isolated from the air at waste landfills

71%

Krikstaponis A., Lugauskas A., Krysinska-Traczyk E., Prazmo Z., Dutkiewicz J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

2001

|

tom 08

|

nr 2

9

Exposure to airborne microorganisms, dust and endotoxin during processing of valerian roots on farms

71%

Skorska C., Sitkowska J., Krysinska-Traczyk E., Cholewa G., Dutkiewicz J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

2005

|

tom 12

|

nr 1

The aim of this study was to determine the levels of microorganisms, dust and endotoxin in the air during various stages of valerian (Valeriana officinalis) roots processing by herb farmers and to examine the species composition of airborne microflora. Air samples were collected on glass fibre filters by use of personal samplers on 15 farms owned by valerian cultivating farmers, located in Lublin province (eastern Poland). The concentrations of total viable microorganisms (bacteria + fungi) in the air showed a marked variability and were within a range of 0.95-7,966.6 × 103 cfu/m3. Though median was relatively low (10.75 × 103 cfu/m3), on 4 farms the concentrations exceeded the level of 105 cfu/m3 and on 1 farm the level of 106 cfu/m3. During the processing of valerian roots, distinct changes could be observed in the composition of airborne microflora. In the first stages of processing, the freshly dug and washed roots until shaking in the drying room, the most numerous were Gram-negative bacteria of the family Pseudomonadaceae (mostly Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas chlororaphis and Pseudomonas fluorescens). After drying, the dominant organisms were thermo-resistant endospore-forming bacilli (Bacillus spp.) and fungi, among which prevailed Aspergillus fumigatus. Altogether, 29 species or genera of bacteria and 19 species or genera of fungi were identified in the farm air during valerian processing, of these, 10 and 12 species or genera respectively were reported as having allergenic and/or immunotoxic properties. The concentrations of airborne dust and endotoxin on the examined farms were very large and ranged from 10.0-776.7 mg/m3, and from 0.15-24,448.2 µg/m3, respectively (medians 198.3 mg/m3 and 40.48 µg/m3). In conclusion, farmers cultivating valerian could be exposed during processing of valerian roots to large concentrations of airborne microorganisms, dust and endotoxin posing a risk of work-related respiratory disease.

10

Exposure to airborne microorganisms and endotoxin in a potato processing plant

71%

Dutkiewicz J., Krysinska-Traczyk E., Skorska C., Cholewa G., Sitkowska J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

2002

|

tom 09

|

nr 2

11

Exposure to airborne microorganisms in Polish sawmills

71%

Dutkiewicz J., Krysinska-Traczyk E., Prazmo Z., Skorska C., Sitkowska J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

2001

|

tom 08

|

nr 1

12

Exposure of Indian agricultural workers to airborne microorganisms, dust and endotoxin during handling of various plant products

61%

Krysinska-Traczyk E., Pande B. N., Skorska C., Sitkowska J., Prazmo Z., Cholewa G., Dutkiewicz J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

2005

|

tom 12

|

nr 2

269-275

Microbiological air sampling with the use of personal sampler was performed in 14 small agricultural facilities located in Aurangabad (Southern India), including 5 farms (at harvesting and threshing), 6 godowns (small food storing and processing settings) and 3 grain or cotton mills. In 12 facilities, including harvesting on farms, godowns and mills, concentrations of airborne microorganisms were relatively low, ranging from 1.5 x 103 - 8.2 x 104 cfu/m3. The striking rise in the concentrations of airborne microbes, by 2-4 orders of magnitude, was noted on 2 farms during threshing of maize (4.2 x 106 cfu/m3) and pearl millet (1.1 x 107 cfu/m3). This was due to release of large quantities of bacteria. During threshing of maize, the most common microorganisms were thermophilic actinomycetes (40% of the total count) and mesophilic actinomycetes of the genus Streptomyces (39%), while during threshing of pearl millet the most abundant were corynebacteria (68%) and Gram-negative bacteria (22%). Mesophilic bacteria formed 16.7-100% of the total airborne microflora and were prevalent in 11 out of 14 facilities. Thermophilic actinomycetes and fungi formed respectively 0-43.1% and 0-83.3% of the total count and were prevalent in 1 and 2 facilities. The concentrations of airborne dust and endotoxin recorded in the examined agricultural facilities, in most cases were very large and ranged from 2.5-257.5 mg/m3, and from 0.0625-125.0 µg/m3, respectively. In 10 out of 14 facilities, the concentrations of dust were of the order 101-102 mg/m3, ranging from 25.0-257.5 mg/m3. Similarly, in 7 out of 14 facilities the concentrations of endotoxin were of the order 101-102 µg/m3, ranging from 31.25-125.0 µg/m3. In conclusion, Indian agricultural workers could be exposed during handling of various plant materials to airborne biological hazards posing a risk of work-related respiratory disease. Of these, the most important are: bacterial endotoxin and allergenic species of bacteria and fungi. The greatest risk occurs at threshing of pearl millet and maize which requests an application of the appropriate prevention measures, such as wearing respirators by the workers and using modern threshing machines reducing the dustiness.

13

Exposure to airborne microorganisms, dust and endotoxin during flax scutching on farms

61%

Krysinska-Traczyk E., Skorska C., Prazmo Z., Sitkowska J., Cholewa G., Dutkiewicz J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

2004

|

tom 11

|

nr 2

Microbiological air sampling was performed on 5 flax farms located in eastern Poland. Air samples for determination of the concentrations of microorganisms, dust and endotoxin were collected in barns during machine scutching of flax stems by the farmers. The concentrations of mesophilic bacteria ranged from 203.5-698.8 × 103 cfu/m3, of Gram-negative bacteria from 27.2-123.4 × 103 cfu/m3, of thermophilic actinomycetes from 0.5-2.6 × 103 cfu/m3, and of fungi from 23.4-99.8 × 103 cfu/m3. The concentrations of total airborne microorganisms (bacteria + fungi) were within a range of 245.0-741.0 × 103 cfu/m3. The values of the respirable fraction of total airborne microflora on the examined farms were between 45.5-98.3%. Corynebacteria (irregular Gram-positive rods, mostly Corynebacterium spp.) were dominant at all sampling sites, forming 46.8-67.8% of the total airborne microflora. Among Gram-negative bacteria, the most numerous species was Pantoea agglomerans (synonyms: Erwinia herbicola, Enterobacter agglomerans), known to have strong endotoxic and allergenic properties. Among fungi, the allergenic species Alternaria alternata prevailed. Altogether, 25 species or genera of bacteria and 10 species or genera of fungi were identified in the farm air during flax scutching; of these, 11 and 6 species or genera respectively were reported as having allergenic and/or immunotoxic properties. The concentrations of airborne dust ranged within 43.7-648.1 mg/m3 (median 93.6 mg/m3), exceeding on all farms the Polish OEL value of 4 mg/m3. The concentrations of airborne endotoxin ranged within 16.9-172.1 µg/m3 (median 30.0 µg/m3), exceeding at all sampling sites the suggested OEL value of 0.2 µg/m3. In conclusion, flax farmers performing machine scutching of flax could be exposed to large concentrations of airborne microorganisms, dust and endotoxin, posing a risk of work-related respiratory disease.

14

Precipitin response of potato processing workers to work-related microbial allergens

61%

Dutkiewicz J., Skorska C., Krysinska-Traczyk E., Cholewa G., Sitkowska J., Milanowski J., Gora A.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

2002

|

tom 09

|

nr 2

15

Exposure to airborne microorganisms in furniture factories

61%

Krysinska-Traczyk E., Skorska C., Cholewa G., Sitkowska J., Milanowski J., Dutkiewicz J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

2002

|

tom 09

|

nr 1

16

Exposure to airborne microorganisms in fiberboard and chipboard factories

61%

Dutkiewicz J., Olenchock S. A., Krysinska-Traczyk E., Skorska C., Sitkowska J., Prazmo Z.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

2001

|

tom 08

|

nr 2

17

Exposure to bioaerosols in a municipal sewage treatment plant

61%

Prazmo Z., Krysinska-Traczyk E., Skorska C., Sitkowska J., Cholewa G., Dutkiewicz J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

2003

|

tom 10

|

nr 2

18

Response of furniture factory workers to work-related airborne allergens

61%

Skorska C., Krysinska-Traczyk E., Milanowski J., Cholewa G., Sitkowska J., Gora A., Dutkiewicz J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

2002

|

tom 09

|

nr 1

19

Birch wetwood as a source of potential bacterial hazard for woodworkers

61%

Prazmo Z., Krysinska-Traczyk E., Skorska C., Sitkowska J., Cholewa G., Urbanowicz B., Dutkiewicz J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

1996

|

tom 03

|

nr 1

20

Exposure to airborne microorganisms and endotoxin in herb processing plant

61%

Dutkiewicz J., Krysinska-Traczyk E., Skorska C., Sitkowska J., Prazmo Z., Golec M.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

2001

|

tom 08

|

nr 2

Ograniczanie wyników

Aspergillus candidus: A respiratory hazard associated with grain dust

Occupational exposure to Aspergillus niger in a citric acid factory

Levels of fungi and mycotoxins in samples of grain and grain dust collected on farms in Eastern Poland

Size distribution of bacterial and fungal bioaerosols in indoor air

Microflora of allergenic pollens - a preliminary study

Levels of fungi and mycotoxins in the samples of grain and grain dust collected from five various cereal crops in Eastern Poland

Exposure to airborne microorganisms, dust and endotoxin during processing of peppermint and chamomile herbs on farms

Enzymatic activities of Aspergillus fumigatus strains isolated from the air at waste landfills

Exposure to airborne microorganisms, dust and endotoxin during processing of valerian roots on farms

Exposure to airborne microorganisms and endotoxin in a potato processing plant

Exposure to airborne microorganisms in Polish sawmills

Exposure of Indian agricultural workers to airborne microorganisms, dust and endotoxin during handling of various plant products

Exposure to airborne microorganisms, dust and endotoxin during flax scutching on farms

Precipitin response of potato processing workers to work-related microbial allergens

Exposure to airborne microorganisms in furniture factories

Exposure to airborne microorganisms in fiberboard and chipboard factories

Exposure to bioaerosols in a municipal sewage treatment plant

Response of furniture factory workers to work-related airborne allergens

Birch wetwood as a source of potential bacterial hazard for woodworkers

Exposure to airborne microorganisms and endotoxin in herb processing plant