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Did the submarine, across-arc nornal fault system in the southwest Ryukyu Arc trigger the 1771 tsunami? Field evidence from multibeam survey and in-situ observation

100%
Matsumoto T., Shinjo R., Nakamura M., Doi A., Kimura M., Ono T., Kubo A.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
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2009
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tom 18
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nr 1
123-129
Recent numerical simulation of tsunami propagation proposed a new hypothesis about the origin of the 1771 tsunami that devastated the southwest Ryukyu district of Japan; a slip of the East Ishigaki Fault, a 44kmlong fault lying 50km off the east coast of Ishigaki Island, might be the cause of the 1771 tsunami. The present study is to test this hypothesis through visual observation by means of the precise seafloor image collected by the Hyper-Dolphin remotely operated vehicle. The hypothesis may be proved if definite evidence of a slip along the whole fault is obtained. Investigating the fault was accomplished by a reconnaissance survey at three representing fault segments: southern, central and northern. The result of the survey at the southern segment shows that the main fault scarp is covered by many large boulders. On the escarpment, 6m sections with a gradient of almost 90 degrees were observed. The result of the survey at the central segment shows similar characteristics as that at the southern segment. The northern segment was characterized by wide exposure of limestone outcrop with many cracks and fissures on the outcrop which represents nascent faulting. These facts suggest the northward propagation of the faulting along the main scarp. The result demonstrates that the amount of displacement at the fault segments is not uniform. This does not support the assumption taken into the numerical simulation; thus, it is unlikely that the slip at the fault generated the 1771 tsunami, even though simultaneous rupture at multiple fault segments are taken into account.
2
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Polyphenol-protein complexes and their consequences for the redox activity, structure and function of honey. A current view and new hypothesis - a review

100%
Brudzynski K., Maldonado-Alvarez L.
Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
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2015
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tom 65
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nr 2
There is increasing evidence that protein complexation by honey polyphenols is changing honey structure and function. This relatively less investigated filed of honey research is presented in a context of known mechanism of formation of the stable polyphenol-protein complexes in other foods. At a core of these interactions lies the ability of polyphenols to form non-covalent and covalent bonds with proteins leading to transient and/or irreversible complexes, respectively. Honey storage and thermal processing induces non-enzymatic oxidation of polyphenols to reactive quinones and enables them to form covalent bonds with proteins. In this short review, we present data from our laboratory on previously unrecognized types of protein-polyphenol complexes that differed in size, stoichiometry, and antioxidant capacities, and the implications they have to honey antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Our intent is to provide a current understanding of protein-polyphenol complexation in honey and also some new thoughts /hypotheses that can be useful in directing future research.
3
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Revision of the flexible crinoid genus Ammonicrinus and a new hypothesis on its life mode

80%
Bohaty J.
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
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2011
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tom 56
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nr 3
The lecanocrinid Ammonicrinus(Flexibilia) is newly interpreted based on new material from the Middle Devonian of the Rhenish Massif (Eifel and Bergisches Land, Germany). The species have echinoid−like tubercles on the attachment and on the column, which bear articulated spines. The intraspecific variability of the column is discussed for three facies−controlled morphotypes, herein classified as standard “exposed−” or “encased roller−type” and the rare “settler−type”. New specimens have floating transitions between different plate sculpturing and between those individuals with none or one to several columnals with herein termed “lateral columnal enclosure extensions” on the proximal−most, barrel−like dististele and the following mesistele, which is solely distinguished by these extensions. Based on this interpretation, Ammonicrinus kongieli is evaluated as a subjective junior synonym of Ammonicrinus sulcatus. The latter species was first recognised from the Eifel (Germany). “Ammonicrinus wachtbergensis”, from the upper Eifelian of the Eifel, is declared a subjective junior synonym of Ammonicrinus doliiformis. The first nearly complete specimen of Ammonicrinus kerdreoletensis is described from the lower Eifelian of Vireux−Molhain (southern Ardennes, France). Two new species are described: Ammonicrinus jankei sp. nov. and Ammonicrinus leunisseni sp. nov. A functional morphologic trend in perfecting the crown encasement by continuous modification of the lateral columnal enclosure extensions of the mesistele from the Eifelian to the Givetian, indicates a vagile benthic “predator”−driven evolution of ammonicrinids in the Eifel area. Several ammonicrinid species are herein defined as spined soft−bottom dwellers, feeding in low−intensity current water, possibly through a self−produced water flow. The first known postmortem encrusting epizoans on ammonicrinid endoskeletons are reported.
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