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The aim of the work is to assess the performance and effectiveness of intraoperative cholangiography or choledochoscopy in the prevention of choledocholithiasis oversight. The effectiveness of choledochoscopy was assessed in 50 patients during the years 2001–2002. Since 2000 intraoperative cholangiography has been performed on all patients after classic cholecystostomy in the absence of indications to choledochotomy. The effectiveness of intraoperative cholangiography was assessed in 50 patients in 2001. Both groups underwent ultrasonographic control and tests of biochemical parameters a year after surgery. The advisability of performing intraoperative cholangiography or choledochoscopy and their high degree of effectiveness in the prevention of choledocholithiasis oversight was confirmed.
Although Ascaris lumbricoides occasionally enters the biliary tract, it can cause severe complications in this location ranging from biliary colic, acalculous cholecystitis to hepatic abscess. Hence prompt diagnosis and proper treatment is necessary. There are some reports about the endoscopic removal of A. lumbricoides from the biliary tract, which is reportedly prone to severe complications. Here we present a case of biliary ascariasis successfully diagnosed and treated by non-invasive methods.
The aim of this work is to assess the usefulness of current imaging techniques of biliary tracts in percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD). In the period from January 1996 to March 2003 44 cases of PTBD were carried out under ultrasonographic and X-ray control in 34 patients who could not have a bypass or endoscopic prothesis of the bile duct. The effectiveness of the method was evaluated in relation to the extent of the intra-hepatic bile ducts, the usefulness of simultaneous monitoring (ultrasonography and X-ray) and the possibility of preoperative contrasting of the bile ducts. Correct drainage of bile ducts was achieved in 43 PTBD. In 6 cases branches of the portal vein were pierced during drainage, but thanks to X-ray visualisation this was detected and the bile ducts were then drained correctly. During 4 PTBD the grooved probe slipped from bile ducts while the catheter was being introduced and a repeated prick was necessary. Total cholestasis caused by a tumour does not always bring about extension of bile ducts. However, simultaneous ultrasonographic and X-ray imaging of the bile ducts enables PTBD to be performed even in patients with a slight extension of the duct.
Monodontella giraffae Yorke et Maplestone, 1926 was collected from the biliary duct of liver of a dead giraffe, Giraffa camelopardalis (Linnaeus) from the Tianjin Zoo, Tianjin, China. A redescription of this species was made using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The lateral alae and the detailed structures of the spicules and genital cone were observed for the first time by SEM. The taxonomic status of the genus is discussed.
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Helicobacter pylori in liver diseases

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At the present stage of knowledge, the participation of the Helicobacter bacteria in the pathology of liver and the bile tract in humans has not been univocally documented. However, apparent are the premises so as to go on performing the examinations under discussion since the said participation cannot be excluded. If the more direct evidence of the etiologic role of the Helicobacter in the pathology of liver were available, it would create the chances for the more effective treatment of patients than the case has been so far. Cancer commonly derives from the chronic inflammation and infection and in case of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), may arise either from local liver derived progenitor cells (LPCs) or bone marrow originated stem cells (BMSCs) and future studies should disclose the role of either type of cells and of inflammatory factors such as generated by Helicobacter infection in the liver pathophysiology.
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