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1
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Content available

Yersiniosis - a zoonotic foodborne disease of relevance to public health

100%
Bancerz-Kisiel A., Szweda W.
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
|
2015
|
tom 22
|
nr 3
2

Susceptibility of Polish Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated from pigs to 12 beta-lactam antibiotics

81%
Perkowska K., Platt-Samoraj A., Bancerz-Kisiel A., Szweda W.
Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy
|
2011
|
tom 55
|
nr 3
The aim of the study was to assess the susceptibility of 103 Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated from pigs in Poland in the years 2000-2007 to 12 ß-lactam antibiotics. The in vitro susceptibility of the bacteria to seven selected cephalosporins of all generations and to five penicillins was tested by means of a disk diffusion method following the criteria and recommendations provided by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. The strains varied greatly in regard to their in vitro susceptibility- to ß-lactam antibiotics. The strains were found to be relatively highly susceptible to the third and fourth generation cephalosporins, while being generally resistant to the first generation cephalosporins and most penicillins. Taking into account the wide spread of Y. enterocolitica, in particular in the pig population, but also among other animal species, which creates an increasing risk to the public health, it is deemed necessary to systematically monitor the susceptibility of Y. enterocolitica strains to antibiotics.
3

Isolation, biotyping, and serotyping of Yersinia enterocolitica strains from fattening pigs

81%
Bancerz-Kisiel A., Szczerba-Turek A., Platt-Samoraj A., Szweda W.
Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy
|
2011
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tom 55
|
nr 1
The study has been taken up to collect more data on Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from pigs as the main reservoir and source of infection with strains pathogenic for humans. Bacteriological examinations, bio- and serotyping were conducted on 616 rectal swabs, taken from 308 fattening pigs. Two samples were taken from each animal to determine the ability of Y. enterocolitica to grow under different temperature conditions (warm and cold culture). It has been proven that low temperature constitutes a suitable culture condition. 138 Yersinia enterocolitica strains were isolated (22.40%), most of which (65.22%) were obtained in cold culture and 99.28% included in biotype 3 (one strain belonged to biotype 2). Serotyping yielded a positive result in 107 strains with the diagnostic serum for antigen O:3, in 18 - with the serum for antigen O:9, and 13 strains were determined to be non-typable. The results indicated that asymptomatic infections with Y. enterocolitica strains of the biotypes and serotypes pathogenic for humans are common in pig population.
4

Application of multiplex PCR for the evaluation of the occurrence of ystA, ystB, ystC, and ymoA genes in Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated from fattening pigs

81%
Bancerz-Kisiel A., Szczerba-Turek A., Platt-samoraj A., Szweda W.
Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy
|
2011
|
tom 55
|
nr 1
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of genes directly connected with pathogenicity in Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated from fattening pigs. Multiplex PCR, used for ystA, ystB, ystC, and ymoA gene detection, was optimised in order to determine the existence of the genes in one reaction. Material for the study consisted of 138 strains of Y. enterocolitica, which were preliminary examined by the bacteriological, sero- and biotyping methods, then bacterial DNA was isolated and multiplex PCR was performed. The presence of the products of length corresponding to the ystA and ymoA gene fragments was found in each of the examined strains. The ystB and ystC genes were not detected in any of the tested samples. The molecularly confirmed existence of Y. enterocolitica in fattening pigs indicates the carrier state and a possibility of shedding the microorganism into the environment, and shows that pigs are an important reservoir of the bacteria and a potential source of infection for humans.
5

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated from pigs in the north-east region of Poland

81%
Perkowska K., Platt-Samoraj A., Bancerz-Kisiel A., Szweda W.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
|
2012
|
tom 68
|
nr 04
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the susceptibility of Yersinia (Y.) enterocolitica strains isolated from pigs in the north-eastern region of Poland to various chemotherapeutics. In total, the study comprised 103 Y. enterocolitica strains isolated in the years 2000-2007 from pig farms located in north-eastern Poland. The in vitro susceptibility of Y. enterocolitica strains to 14 chemotherapeutics was evaluated (ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, gentamycin, neomycin, streptomycin, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, colistin, tiamulin, sulphonamides, sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim-SXT, nitrofurantoin). Commercially available antimicrobial disks produced by Rosco and OXOID were used. The in vitro susceptibility of Y. enterocolitica strains was evaluated by a standardized disk diffusion method using Mueller-Hinton agar, according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommendations. The study demonstrated the significant variation in the susceptibility of the isolates. The Y. enterocolitica strains were found to show the highest in vitro susceptibility to quinolones (ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, enrofloxacin), gentamycin and colistin. A slightly lower susceptibility in case of chloramphenicol and SXT was noticed. Streptomycin and neomycin were less effective. Sulfonamides and nitrofurantoin were also found to have very limited efficacy. However, Y. enterocolitica strains were fully resistant to tiamulin. Taking into account the widespread presence of Y. enterocolitica in many animal species and their increasing risk for public health, it is necessary to continually monitor the susceptibility of Y. enterocolitica strains to chemotherapeutics.
6
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A comparison of the effectiveness of the microscopic method and the multiplex PCR method in identifying and discriminating the species of Nosema spp. spores in worker bees (Apis mellifera)from winter hive debris

81%
Michalczyk M., Sokol R., Szczerba-Turek A., Bancerz-Kisiel A.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
|
2011
|
tom 14
|
nr 3
The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the multiplex PCR method and traditional light microscopy in identifying and discriminating the species of Nosema spp. spores in worker bees from winter hive debris in the Province of Warmia and Mazury (NE Poland). A total of 1000 beesdead after from the bottom of the hive from bee colonies were analyzed. Spores were identified with the use of a light microscope (400-600x magnification). Spores were assigned to species by the multiplex PCR method. The microscopic evaluation revealed the presence of Nosema spp. spores in 803 samples (80.3%). Nosema ceranae spores were observed in 353 positive samples (43.96%), Nosema apis spores were found in 300 samples (37.35%), while 150 samples (19.67%) showed signs of a mixed infection. A multiplex PCR analysis revealed that 806 samples were infested with Nosema spp., of which 206 were affected only by Nosema ceranae, 600 showed signs of mixed invasion, while no samples were infected solely by Nosema apis parasites. In two cases, the presence of spores detected under a light microscope was not confirmed by the PCR analysis. The results of the study indicate that Nosema ceranae is the predominant parasitic species found in post-winter worker bees from the bottom of the hive in the region of Warmia and Mazury.
7

Zjadliwosc Yersinia enterocolitica oraz znaczenie biotypu 1A w patogenezie jersiniozy

81%
Platt-Samoraj A., Bancerz-Kisiel A., Szweda W.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
|
2006
|
tom 62
|
nr 10
1113-1115
Yersinia enterocolitica is an extremely varied organism due to its biochemical, antigen and pathogenic properties. Six biotypes are distinguished within the species but, from the clinical point of view, only five of them: 1B, 2, 3, 4, and 5 are considered to be the cause of yersiniosis. The main criterion for the above division is pathogenicity, which correlates with presence of the virulent pYV plasmid. Microorganisms which lack this plasmid are considered to be a-virulent. However the pYV plasmid may easily be lost during the process of culturing or storage. Biotype 1A strains of Y. enterocolitica are often considered to be non-pathogenic primarily because they do not posses the pYV. These same strains of 1A biotype are able to cause diseases through unknown mechanisms that are independent of the virulent plasmid presence. Evaluating the pathogenicity of this biotype seems to be more complex. The increasing significance of 1A biotype and the possibility of loosing pYV in strains belonging to residual biotypes necessitate further studies which would clear up doubts relating to Y. enterocolitica pathogenicity.
8
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Distribution of the ymoA and ystA genes and enterotoxins Yst production by Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated from humans and pigs

81%
Bancerz-Kisiel A., Szczerba-Turek A., Platt-Samoraj A., Szweda W.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
|
2012
|
tom 15
|
nr 4
Yersinia (Y.) enterocolitica is the third etiological agent of human diarrhea in terms of the number of confirmed clinical cases. One of the important virulence markers is the yst gene which encodes the production of enterotoxins Yst (Yersinia stable toxins). However, not all strains with yst genes produce enterotoxins, what seems to be caused by the ymoA gene encoding the production of the YmoA protein inhibiting the expression of various genes. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the distribution of the ymoA and ystA genes and Yst production by Y. enterocolitica isolated from humans and pigs. All the studied strains obtained from pigs had the ystA gene which indicates that they belong to the group of strains commonly regarded as pathogenic, but the ability to produce YstA was detected in only 14 out of 96 examined strains. The fragments of ystA gene were also detected in all Y.enterocolitica strains isolated from human cases of diarrhea. Amplification of a fragment of the ymoA gene was detected in all the studied strains, both from humans and pigs, based on the presence of a 330 bp band. Thus no correlation was identified between the occurrence of the ymoA and ystA genes and the production of a specific type of enterotoxin.
9

Application of the suckling mouse bioassay to assess the enterotoxic properties of Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated from fattening pigs

81%
Bancerz-Kisiel A., Szczerba-Turek A., Szweda W.
Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy
|
2011
|
tom 55
|
nr 1
Enterotoxic capacities of 95 Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated from fattening pigs by the use of the suckling mouse bioassay were investigated. A positive result was received for 14 strains (14.74%), doubtful for 33 strains (34.74%), while the rest of 48 strains (50.52%) did not induce the production of enterotoxins. The received results show that in the pig population there are almost 15% of Yersinia enterocolitica strains, which are directly dangerous to public health because of their enterotoxic capacity. It is also worth paying attention to those strains, which in the suckling mouse bioassay provided doubtful results (around 35%) because their ability to produce enterotoxins was not explicitly declared as impossible.
10
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Bioserotypes and virulence markers of Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus)

71%
Bancerz-Kisiel A., Szczerba-Turek A., Platt-Samoraj A., Socha P., Szweda W.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
|
2014
|
tom 17
|
nr 2
Free-living animals are an important environmental reservoir of pathogens dangerous for other animal species and humans. One of those is Yersinia (Y.) enterocolitica, the causative agent of yersiniosis - foodborne, enzootic disease, significant for public health. The purpose of the study was to identify bioserotypes and virulence markers of Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) obtained during the 2010/2011 hunting season in north-eastern Poland. From among 48 rectal swabs obtained from 24 roe deer, two strains of Y. enterocolitica from one animal were isolated. Although both belonged to biotype 1A they were identified as different serotypes. The strain obtained from cold culture (PSB) belonged to serotype O:5, while the strain isolated from warm culture (ITC) was regarded as nonidentified (NI), what may suggest mixed infection in that animal. The presence of ystB gene, coding for YstB enterotoxin, directly related to Y. enterocolitica pathogenicity was detected in both strains using triplex PCR. The effect of the examination of 32 swabs obtained from 16 red deer was the isolation of two Y. enterocolitica strains from two different animals. Both belonged to biotype 1A with NI serotype, but were originated from different types of culture. They gave positive results in case of products of a size corresponding to the ystB gene. No amplicons corresponding to ail and ystA genes were found. Roe deer and red deer may carry and shed Y. enterocolitica, what seems to be important in aspect of an environmental reservoir of this pathogen. The Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from wild ruminants had the amplicons of the ystB gene, what suggest they can be potential source of Y. enterocolitica infection for humans.
11
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Phylogenetic analysis of bovine papillomavirus E5 detected in equine sarcoids in Poland

71%
Szczerba-Turek A., Siemionek J., Bancerz-Kisiel A., Ras A., Szweda W.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
|
2011
|
tom 14
|
nr 4
The aim of the study was to analyse a part of the sequence of the E5 gene of bovine papil-lomaviruses (BPV) associated with equine sarcoids in Polish horses. Samples of 40 skin lesions obtained from 29 horses were collected for molecular examination. The PCR amplicons of BPV DNA were detected in 38 specimens. After phylogenetic analysis 37 specimens were recognized as BPV-1 and one as BPV-2. Phylogenetic analysis has allowed the classification of the amplicons into two phylogenetic groups (A1,) and four separate isolates (2, 10, 16, 17).
12

Kliniczne typy sarkoidow koni

61%
Szczerba-Turek A., Siemionek J., Ras A., Platt-Samoraj A., Mikulska-Skupien E., Bancerz-Kisiel A., Szweda W.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
|
2009
|
tom 65
|
nr 12
827-829
Equine sarcoids have been recognized for centuries, but were first characterized by Jackson in 1936. The term sarcoid was originally used to emphasize the clinical and pathological differences from papilloma, fibroma and fibrosarcoma. Sarcoids are the most common skin tumors in horses. They tend to be locally aggressive but they do not metastasize. They affect horses of all ages, types and hair colours without obvious sex predilection and they are commonly encountered worldwide. Sarcoids are recognized as having six different clinical types: verrucose, fibroblastic, occult, nodular, mixed and malignant. All of them can occur at any skin site. The mechanisms of equine sarcoid development are not clear, but papillomaviruses (PV) - BPV-1 and less commonly BPV-2, which belong to the Papillomaviridae family - participate in etiopathogenesis. All PV are strictly species-specific and, even in experimental conditions, do not infect other species. The only known case of cross-species infection is the infection of horses and other Equidae by BPV-1 and BPV-2.
13

Ocena zmian wrażliwości na chemioterapeutyki szczepów Yersinia enterocolitica wyizolowanych od świń w Polsce w latach 2000 i 2007

61%
Perkowska K., Platt-Samoraj A., Bancerz-Kisiel A., Lipinska E., Pieludz D., Siemionek J., Szweda W.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
|
2013
|
tom 69
|
nr 09
The purpose of the study was to evaluate changes in the antimicrobial susceptibility of Yersinia (Y.) enterocolitica strains to various chemotherapeutic groups. In total, 103 Y. enterocolitica strains were used. They belonged to biotypes 1A, 3, 4 and serotypes O:3, O:5, O:6, O:7,13, O:8, O:9, and were isolated in the years 2000 and 2007 from pigs in farms located in north-eastern Poland. Twenty-six chemotherapeutics of various groups were applied: quinolones, β-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, colistin, tiamulin, nitrofurantoin, sulphonamides, and sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim. Strain sensitivity was evaluated in vitro by the standardized disc-diffusion method according to CLSI recommendations. The study showed that the sensitivity profile of Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from pigs in Poland in the years 2000 and 2007 underwent significant changes during this interval, that reveal a tendency for increasing resistance to some chemotherapeutics used in veterinary treatment. Considering the hazard to public health caused by the wide prevalence of these bacteria in pig population, as well as the need to ensure the efficacy of yersiniosis treatment, the phenomenon of Y. enterocolitica acquiring drug resistance to chemotherapeutics should be systematically monitored.
14

Wpływ immunizacji świń zawiesiną wyselekcjonowanych szczepów Yersinia enterocolitica na przebieg doświadczalnego zakażenia oraz okres siewstwa drobnoustrojów

61%
Platt-Samoraj A., Szweda W., Procajlo Z., Mikulska-Skupien E., Bancerz-Kisiel A., Szczerba-Turek A., Syczylo K.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
|
2013
|
tom 69
|
nr 09
Y. enterocolitica infection of pigs is concerned with a common carrier and shedding states in this species. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of the experimental immunization of pigs with a selected Y. enterocolitica strains suspension on the controled infection course, the antibody level formation, as well as the duration of pathogen shedding. The immunization of pigs was enforced with a suspension of Y. enterocolitica strains previously inactivated with formol, suspended in PBS and demonstrated in vitro high immunogenicity in Respiratory Burst Activity/Potential Killing Activity (RBA/PKA) and Mitogen Transformation Test (MTT). The study was performed on 15 pigs divided into 3 groups. The animals from groups I and II received an immunizate with a density of 2.7 × 10⁹ cfu/ml administered subcutaneously in doses 2 ml and 5 ml, respectively, twice in a 2-week interval. The third group (control) was administered PBS in an analogous scheme. The evaluation in vivo was conducted after a per os challenge with a pathogenic strain of Y. enterocolitica O:3. The first and booster immunization had no effect on the clinical picture and body weight gains of the immunized animals. The fastest and strongest immune response to the per os challenge with Y. enterocolitica O:3 was observed in the control group, already in the first week post infection (wpi). Higher antibody levels were found in the group of animals where 5 ml 2.7 × 10⁹ cfu/cm³ subcutaneously were administered. In the first wpi bacterial shedding was observed in all animals that belonged to group I and the control group which persisted up to 3 wpi. Among the pigs from group II the shedding was observed in 3 out of 5 animals, and which finished in 6 days post infection. Applied experimental immunization against per os challenge with a pathogenic strain of Y. enterocolitica O:3 did not prevent pathogen shedding, but merely limited its intensity and duration.
15
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Detection of Bordetella avium by TaqMan real-time PCR in tracheal swabs from wildlife birds

61%
Stenzel T., Pestka D., Tykalowski B., Smialek M., Koncicki A., Bancerz-Kisiel A.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
|
2017
|
tom 20
|
nr 1
Bordetella avium, the causing agent of bordetellosis, a highly contagious infection of the respiratory tract in young poultry, causes significant losses in poultry farming throughout the world. Wildlife birds can be a reservoir of various pathogens that infect farm animals. For this reason the studies were conducted to estimate the prevalence of Bordetella avium in wildlife birds in Poland. Tracheal swab samples were collected from 650 birds representing 27 species. The bacterial DNA was isolated directly from the swabs and screened for Bordetella avium by TaqMan real-time PCR. The assay specificity was evaluated by testing DNA isolated from 8 other bacteria that can be present in avian respiratory tract, and there was no amplification from non-Bordetella avium agents. Test sensitivity was determined by preparing standard tenfold serial dilutions of DNA isolated from positive control. The assay revealed to be sensitive, with detection limit of approximately 4.07x10^2 copies of Bordetella avium DNA. The genetic material of Bordetella avium was found in 54.54% of common pheasants, in 9.09% of Eurasian coots, in 3.22% of black-headed gulls and in 2.77% of mallard ducks. The results of this study point to low prevalence of Bordetella avium infections in wildlife birds. The results also show that described molecular assay proved to be suitable for the rapid diagnosis of bordetellosis in the routine diagnostic laboratory.
16
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Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated from beavers (Castor fiber)

61%
Platt-Samoraj A., Syczylo K., Bancerz-Kisiel A., Szczerba-Turek A., Gizejewska A., Szweda W.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
|
2015
|
tom 18
|
nr 2
Pseudocloacal swabs and palatine tonsils from beavers have been examined for the Yersinia enterocolitica presence. Thirty-six samples from 24 beavers were collected and subjected to bacteriological examinations including sero- and biotypisation. Amplicons confirmed by PCR as Y. enterocolitica were sequenced. Positive samples originated from 4 out of the 24 beavers (16.7 %) and all the strains belonged to biotype 1A. The study suggested that Y. enterocolitica could be isolated from beavers, which may therefore be treated as a reservoir, a significant factor of water contamination and a vector of the Y. enterocolitica.
17

Molekularne mechanizmy nowotworzenia Papillomaviridae u zwierzat i ludzi

61%
Szczerba-Turek A., Szweda W., Siemionek J., Platt-Samoraj A., Bancerz-Kisiel A., Teodorowski P.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
|
2007
|
tom 63
|
nr 09
1045-1048
Papillomaviruses (PV) are small, nonenveloped, DNA viruses, which had originally been grouped together with the Polyomaviruses in one family, Papovaviridae. In the year 2004 the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses officially recognized two separate families: Papillomaviridae and Polyomaviridae. PV are pathogens of skin and mucosa in animals and humans, and they are very species-specific. The only known case of cross-species infection is the infection of horses by bovine papillomaviruses (BPV) type 1 and 2. Infection by high-risk types of human papillomaviruses (HPV) such as HPV type 16 and 18 is directly related to the subsequent development of cervical carcinoma in women. In the year 1995 The International Agency for Research on Cancer officially declared, that HPV-16 and HPV-18 are carcinogenic for humans. Animal PV cause various diseases in both farm and companion animals, e.g. skin and teat papillomatosis in cattle, canine oral papillomatosis, oesophageal papillomas and carcinoma in cattle and equine sarcoids. The mechanisms of carcinogenesis caused by PV were initially established using animal models and specifically chosen PV, particularly cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV), BPV and canine oral papillomavirus (COPV). In the paper the organization and structure of the PV genome, the characteristics of early and late regions, enzymatic and regulatory proteins, encoded by specific open reading frames and engaged in virus replication process, as well as structural proteins that take part in virus-cell interaction have been discussed. The replication process of PV and mechanisms of carcinogenic transformation of cells infected with PV were also described. The possibility of the implementation of specific immunoprophylaxis and the necessity of improvement of diagnostic methods, as well as conducting molecular comparative studies of human and animal PV, important for the protection of animal health and public health, have been indicated.
18
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Quantitative PCR High-Resolution Melting (qPCR-HRM) curve analysis, a new approach to rapid detection and differentiation of bovine papillomavirus detected in equine sarcoids

61%
Szczerba-Turek A., Bancerz-Kisiel A., Lipczynska K., Siemionek J., Ras A., Platt-Samoraj A., Szweda W.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
|
2014
|
tom 17
|
nr 2
The aim of the study was to evaluate a novel diagnostic scheme which combines quantitative PCR and High-Resolution Melting (qPCR-HRM) curve analysis for rapid differentiation based on E5 partial CDS of bovine papillomavirus type 1 or 2 (BPV-1 or BPV-2), and to perform a phylogenetic analysis of the complete CDS of the E5 gene of BPV detected in equine sarcoids. Samples of 38 skin lesions obtained from 27 horses were collected for molecular examinations. All lesions were clinically diagnosed as sarcoids, but results of histopathological examinations did not always corroborate the clinical diagnosis. Although all the samples were positive for the presence of BPV DNA, after qPCR-HRM analysis 6 (16%) specimens were recognized as BPV-1 “wild”, 24 (63%) as BPV-1 “European” and 8 (21%) as a “variant” of BPV E5 ORF partial CDS. Phylogenetic analysis based on nucleotide sequences of E2 ORF partial CDS and E5 ORF complete CDS was conducted on 7 specimens, whose sequences were published in GenBank and recognized as: 2PL (Accession Number - Acc. No. KC684939) - “variant” BPV-1, 7aPL (Acc. No. KC684940) - “European” BPV-1, 10PL (Acc. No. KC693480) - “variant” BPV-1, 16PL (Acc. No. KC693484) - “variant” BPV-2, 17PL (Acc. No. KC693481) - “variant” BPV-1, 20aPL (Acc. No. KC693482) - “European” BPV-1 and 20cPL (Acc. No. KC693483) - “wild” BPV-1. Amino acid (aa) sequences of E5 ORF complete CDS were also analyzed. The E5 variant of aa sequences found in isolate 10PL (protein identification - ID: AGM 20700) is a novel variant of E5 ORF complete CDS of BPV-1 detected in equine sarcoid in Poland.
19
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Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from pigeons in Poland

61%
Stenzel T., Bancerz-Kisiel A., Tykalowski B., Smialek M., Pestka D., Koncicki A.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
|
2014
|
tom 17
|
nr 1
The present study investigated the drug-resistance to the selected antibiotics in Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and beta-haemolytic coagulase-positive staphylococci isolated from pigeons bred in Poland. In the case of E. coli, tetracyclines and amoxicillin were least effective. In the staphylococci, the highest resistance was detected for oxytetracycline and quinolones and 5% were resistant to methicillin. The lowest drug-resistance was reported for Salmonella typhimurium.
20
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Genetic evaluation of bovine papillomavirus types detected in equine sarcoids in Poland

61%
Szczerba-Turek A., Siemionek J., Ras A., Bancerz-Kisiel A., Platt-Samoraj A., Lipczynska-Ilczuk K., Szweda W.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
|
2019
|
tom 22
|
nr 1
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