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1

Impact of European market demands on Polish pellet export

100%
Mikolajczak E.
Intercathedra
|
2009
|
tom 25
Global trends of price increase of conventional energy sources, compatibility with the trends for environment protection, as well as the need for the diversification of energy sources resulted in general growth of interest in ecological fuels. Forestry entrepreneurs, bearing in mind high profitability of pelleting by-products of the forest-products manufacturing process, as well as the current situation on the European pellet market, more and more often decide to undertake pellet production. Having an adequate, fully sufficient amount of raw material they become independent from the outer suppliers eliminating the cost of purchase and transport of sawdust, chips and pieces of wood. At the same time they possess competitive advantage over the remaining producers of fuels based on the by-products of the forest-products manufacturing process. However expansion and holding both European and ever more demanding domestic markets requires guaranteeing not only attractive price but also adequate product quality.
2

Renewable energy sector in Poland in comparison with other EU countries

100%
Mikolajczak E.
Intercathedra
|
2010
|
tom 26
Crucial factor stimulating renewable energy development, quite apart from fast exploitation of natural resources of coal, gas, oil or uranium is the threat represented by conventional energy waste products such as sulphur, nitrogen and carbon monoxides as well as ashes. Renewable energy resources are not only sustainable but as naturally bound up with environmental processes are highly pro-ecological. Generating energy from renewable resources is in comparison with traditional ones much more environment-friendly mainly via limitation of harmful substances especially greenhouse gases. The article presents current level of harvesting energy from renewable resources in selected EU countries taking into account various forms of those renewable. Compared to European data the situation of renewable energy sector in Poland was presented.
3

Biomass as a source of renewable energy in Poland

100%
Mikolajczak E.
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology
|
2010
|
tom 71
4

Influence of selected factors on the value of sawmill residue processed into wooden pellet

100%
Mikolajczak E.
Intercathedra
|
2013
|
tom 29
|
nr 2
The most accessible and especially valuable for energy sector type of biomass is wood, its post-production residue as well as fuels based on wooden residue. One such fuel with the best prospects for further development is wooden pellet which due to its high stability and homogeneity guarantees the highest energy concentration per unit as well as the possibility for fully automated burning process. The aim of the article was researching the influence of selected factors on the increase in value of various types of wooden residue when processed into pellet. The research took into account the following variables determining this value: raw material intensity ratio depending on the type of material being used, sales price of a single unit of finished product, margin envisioned by the producer, production cost of wooden fuel and the cost of transport considered only in the situation when there is a need for purchasing raw material.
5

Gospodarka makulaturą w Frantschach Świecie S.A. w aspekcie nowych przepisów w zakresie gospodarki odpadami

100%
Mikolajczak E.
Intercathedra
|
2003
|
tom 19
6

Economic aspects of processing sawmill residue into briquettes

100%
Mikolajczak E.
Intercathedra
|
2013
|
tom 29
|
nr 3
Systematic increase of demand for wooden biomass and fuels generated from it is the result of the need to fulfill European Union obligations. For those sawmills which very often operate on the verge of profitability it creates a chance for improving their efficiency. Those having a sufficient amount of raw material at their disposal should consider launching production of wooden briquettes, as such initiative does not require any significant investment and may be complementary to company primary activities. Profitability of such venture depends on numerous variables. The aim of this article was to determine the value of sawmill residue when processed further into briquettes taking into account the impact of various factors. The research took account of: material intensity ratio depending on the material used, sales price per unit of final product, the entrepreneur’s target margin, briquettes production cost as well as the cost of transport in case of those enterprises which do not possess their own raw material.
7
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Prerequisites for increased consumption of biofuels for heating purposes in Poland

100%
Mikolajczak E.
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology
|
2018
|
tom 103
8

Impact of legal regulations on the accessibility of waste paper and cardboard as a source of raw material for paper industry

100%
Mikolajczak E.
Intercathedra
|
2017
|
tom 33
|
nr 2
The basic material used in paper production is wood. However, paper industry, in accordance with sustainable development ever more often opts for solutions facilitating substitution of wood with other valuable raw material, namely waste paper and cardboard. This material is used for the production of packaging paper, newsprint, as well as sanitary and household paper. Significant growth of the production of packaging paper with a 100% share of wastepaper in the recent years caused an increase in the demand for that material. Abundant, yet not fully used source of waste paper and cardboard is offered by municipal waste included in the system of selective collection. This article presents an evaluation of the impact of legal regulations in Poland on functioning of this system and as a consequence on the availability of waste paper as the source of raw material for paper industry.
9

Ekonomiczne aspekty przerobu odpadów drzewnych na paliwa ekologiczne

100%
Mikolajczak E.
Rozprawy Naukowe. Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu
|
2011
|
nr 431
10

The comparison of the value of wood waste processed into selected products

100%
Mikolajczak E.
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology
|
2007
|
tom 62
11
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Content available

The profitability of converting sawmill by-products into energy

100%
Mikolajczak E.
Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty
|
2012
|
tom 55
|
nr 188
An analysis of the profitability of generating energy from sawmill by-products was carried out by applying a method embracing a number of indicators to facilitate the evaluation.. The research accounted for both those sawmills generating energy for their own internal usage, setting the profitability threshold of substituting a given source of energy for post-production wood, as well as those generating energy from biomass with the intention of further sales. It has been proven that wood waste is the ideal type of sawmill by-product in relation to all kinds of fuels being replaced, while energy production from pulp chips with 25% moisture content is the least profitable, hence they should be sold unprocessed. An entrepreneur generating energy from biomass purchased outside his plant reaches the highest margin level of 15% when burning wet defibered chips with 50% moisture content and wood waste.
12

Determinant legal factors of utilizing biomass for energy purposes

100%
Mikolajczak E.
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology
|
2011
|
tom 75
13

Investment appraisal methods in wood waste sector

100%
Mikolajczak E.
Intercathedra
|
2008
|
tom 24
14
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Content available

Wood waste value as a function of energy production profitability criteria

100%
Mikolajczak E.
Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development
|
2008
|
nr 03[09]
111-118
In the ever changing situation on the energy media market recently the growth in the interest in converting cheaper forms of wood has been noted. The sawmills being in possession of a certain amount of wood waste aim at its most efficient usage. The proposed formula facilitates the valuation of various kinds of wood assigned for burning. On the basis of the formula in question the choice of the structure of wood usage can be made both within a bigger plant as well as in economic macro scale.
15

Factors conditioning prices of sawmill by-products

100%
Mikolajczak E.
Intercathedra
|
2011
|
tom 27
|
nr 1
During the research various factors conditioning the changes in prices of sawmill by-products: price of sawmill raw material, seasonality of demand and supply, inflation, euro rate as well as general climate and economic situation in industry. Also the fact of Polish accession to the European Union has been taken into consideration and the implementation of rules concerning the production of renewable energy forcing onto energy sector the obligation for co-firing biomass with other fuels.
16

The analysis of pellet market in Poland

100%
Mikolajczak E.
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology
|
2009
|
tom 69
17
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The conditions of pellet production development in Poland

100%
Mikolajczak E.
Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development
|
2010
|
nr 02[16]
Global trends of increase in prices of conventional energy sources, compatibility with trends for environment protection and the necessity to fulfill EU obligations result in price growth of sawmill by-products – raw material for the production of eco-fuels. Such circumstances create a huge chance for the improvement of efficiency of very often operating on the verge of profitability owners of those by-products – that is plants converting wood, which apart from selling those by-products to chipboard producers, pulp and paper industry or energy sector, should consider the possibility of refining them in the place where they have been created. Converting sawmill by-products into pellet significantly increases their value. However, the decision to launch such conversion involves high costs and entails substantial investments, therefore requiring recognition of the factors having an impact on the success of such venture: prices of sawmill by-products – raw material for pellet production, development prospects of domestic pellet market at the time of growing prices of conventional fuels, as well as the legal regulations imposing on the investors pro-ecological character of activities and analysis of the situation on the European pellet market, taking into consideration its quality demands and possible prices.
18

Profitability of converting wood waste into briquettes

100%
Mikolajczak E.
Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty
|
2007
|
tom 50
|
nr 178
115-124
19

Possibilities of using stump wood for energy generation purposes

100%
Mikolajczak E.
Intercathedra
|
2015
|
tom 31
|
nr 4
The forecasted increase in the usage of energy generated from biomass entails the necessity for securing it’s adequate supply. The most accessible type of biomass is forest biomass. The chance for increase in its volume lies in the utilization of stump wood, that is the underground part of trees which is not currently being used. Harvesting and processing stump wood is very complex due to its technological difficulties as well as the profitability of such ventures. The article presents development of energy sector based on forest biomass and provides the analysis of the volume of both electric and heat energy generated from solid biomass between 2004 and 2014. The potential components of forest biomass that have been assigned for generating energy have been indicated with a special emphasis on stump wood. It’s volume has been estimated based on the long-term forecast for wood supply for energy sector. Technological, ecological, economic aspects of utilizing stump wood have been analysed. A method for evaluating the profitability of processing stump wood into chips and directly into energy has been proposed.
20

Share of by products in primary conversion of timber

100%
Mikolajczak E.
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology
|
2012
|
tom 79
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