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The mRNA differential display technique was performed to investigate the differences in gene expression in the liver tissues from Meishan and Large White pigs. One novel gene that was differentially expressed was identified through semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the cDNA complete sequence was then obtained using the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) method. The nucleotide sequence of the gene is not homologous to any of the known porcine genes. The sequence prediction analysis revealed that the open reading frame of this gene encoding a protein of 501 amino acids has high homology with the lipase, hepatic (LIPC) of seven species—cattle (82%), rhesus monkey (79%), chimpanzee (78%), rabbit (77%), human (78%), mouse (73%) and rat (72%)—so that it can be defined as the swine LIPC gene. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the swine LIPC gene has a closer genetic relationship with the LIPC of cattle. Tissue expression profile analysis indicated that the swine LIPC gene is also differentially expressed in other detected tissues from Meishan and Large White pigs. Our experiment suggested that the swine LIPC gene might play an important role in the superabundant fat deposition of Chinese pigs.
This research takes Wuhan as a case study with a focus on forest ecological network analysis based on an integrated approach. This approach applies the improved least-cost path model and scenario analysis to identify and compare networks with the cost surface setting, including ecological service value and biodiversity index. We proposed cost-based δ index and patch connection index (PCI) to evaluate the whole network structure and ecological source connection, as these two indexes comprehensively consider spatial structure and species migration cost. This study proves that the improved line kernel density method based on species migration cost is an effective tool to identify conservation priority areas and break points. Based on the proposed method, we identify and evaluate four types of urban forest ecological networks from different cost setting. The forest ecological network is uneven in spatial distribution. Overall ecological network structure has poor connection. We illustrate conservation priority areas and divide these priority areas into three categories of ecological security.
The main objective of this paper was seeking suitable scenarios for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, where both socio-economic development and low-carbon targets would be achieved. Potential driven factors of carbon emissions, including population, affl uence, urbanization level, technology level, industrial construction, and energy consumption construction were selected to build an extended stochastic impacts by regression on population, affl uence, and technology (STIRPAT) model, where ridge regression was applied to ensure its stability. The STIRPAT model showed the significance of each independent variable, which was the foundation of CO2 emissions’ prediction. Furthermore, eight scenarios were established to explore the possible carbon footprints and the maximum of CO2 in the period from 2013 to 2050. This paper finally proposed the strategies that can be applied to reduce future carbon emissions in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Applying reasonable policies about improvement of technological level, and adjustment of industry and energy consumption structures is a critical factor for the control of CO2 emissions.
This article introduces the operating principle of the wave energy device and makes AMEsim simulated analysis in the influence of the amplitude and period of the wave on the output efficient. By using the result of the simulation to optimize design, the article puts forwards a kind of suitable control technology which based on the disclosed amplitude and period of the wave to control the check valve, invoking the motor in different levels of efficiency. This kind of technology aims to solve the problem which includes low efficiency and high start wave of the wave energy device. The result is verified by the physical experiment, which lays the foundation for the implementation of marine engineering. The established methods of simulation model and analysis results are expected to be useful to designing and manufacturing of wave energy converter
Three strains, designated A1, B2, and C3, capable of aerobic degradation of 4-monobrominated diphenyl ether (4-BDE) as sole carbon and energy source were originally isolated from Populus tomentosa phyllosphere. The three strains were identified as Sphingomonas, Enterobacteria, and Curtobacterium based on their morphology and molecular properties. The 4-BDE concentration gradient was set up and showed that the three strains could still survive at 500 mg L⁻¹ 4-BDE. Their removal efficiencies were detected by utilizing GC-µECD and the analysis showed that A1, B2, and C3 were able to transform 33%, 20%, and 17% of 80 mg L⁻¹ 4-BDE in 2d incubation, respectively. This is the first report of aerobic degradation of 4-BDE by three bacterial strains isolated from phyllosphere.
This study developed an attapulgite-activated carbon composite ceramisite (AACCC) biofilter for removing trace-level dibutyl phthalate (DBP) from micro-polluted drinking source water. Total pore area and average pore diameter of AACCC were estimated to be 112.2 m²/g and 19.8 nm, respectively, while the AACCC showed considerable adsorptive capacity due to its mesoporous structure, i.e., it would be used as an ideal filtration media. Although AACCC could adsorb DBP, biological AACCC covered by different types of microorganisms appeared to be more effective in removing DBP from source water. At a filtration velocity of 2 m/h during two influent concentrations (20 μg/L and 50 μg/L), the DBP removals in AACCC biofilter were higher than the AACCC filter, being 1.2 μg/L and 1.9 μg/L. The pseudo-first-order kinetic model can serve as a good method for estimating removal performance of DBP using an AACCC biofilter. This clearly demonstrated the potential of the AACCC biofilter as a cost-effective and high-efficiency process for removing trace-level DBP from drinking source water.
Linkage and association studies suggested the relationship between α-adducin polymorphism (Gly460Trp; rs4961) and genetic susceptibility to salt-sensitivity. However, the currently available results were inconsistent. This study aimed to define quantitatively the association between salt-sensitivity and α-adducin Gly460Trp polymorphism in all published case-control studies. Publications from PubMed and other databases were retrieved. The major inclusion criteria were: (1) case-control design; (2) salt-sensitivity confirmed by sodium loading tests, and (3) the distribution of genotypes given in detail. Seven case-control studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In total they involved 820 subjects (454 salt-sensitive and 366 non-salt-sensitive). The meta-analysis shows that Gly460Trp polymorphism in general is not significantly associated with salt-sensitivity [OR (95%CI): 1.40 (0.96,2.04), P = 0.08]. Subgroup analysis showed that the association is statistically significant in Asian people [OR (95%CI): 1.33 (1.06, 1.69), P = 0.02] but not in Caucasian people [OR (95%CI): 1.98 (0.57, 6.92), P = 0.28]. This indicates that blood pressure response to sodium varies between ethnical groups. More studies based on a larger population are required to evaluate further the role of α-adducin Gly460Trp polymorphism in salt-sensitive hypertension.
Appropriate irrigation and nitrogen fertilization, along with suitable crop management strategies, are essential prerequisites for optimum yields in agricultural systems. This research attempts to provide a scientific basis for sustainable agricultural production management for the North China Plain and other semi-arid regions. Based on a series of 72 treatments over 2003-2008, an optimized water and nitrogen scheme for winter wheat/summer maize cropping system was developed. Integrated systems incorporating 120 mm of water with 80 kg N ha-1 N fertilizer were used to simulate winter wheat yields in Hebei and 120 mm of water with 120 kg N ha-1 were used to simulate winter wheat yields in Shandong and Henan provinces in 2000-2007. Similarly, integrated treatments of 40 kg N ha-1 N fertilizer were used to simulate summer maize yields in Hebei, and 80 kg N ha-1 was used to simulate summer maize yields in Shandong and Henan provinces in 2000-2007. Under the optimized scheme, 341.74 107 mm ha-1 of water and 575.79 104 Mg of urea fertilizer could be saved per year under the wheat/maize rotation system. Despite slight drops in the yields of wheat and maize in some areas, water and fertilizer saving has tremendous long-term eco-environmental benefits.
A new genus and species of Baleyopterygidae, Aristoleuctra yehae gen. and sp. nov. collected from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou Village, Shantou Township, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China, is described and illustrated. This is the first report of Baleyopterygidae from China. With the establishment of Aristoleuctra, Baissoleuctra conspecta Sinitshenkova, 1992 from Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous of East Siberia is transferred to this genus.
The cell size variations in woody plants in various environments are not well known, and the underlying mechanism has not been fully analyzed. 2. The current study focused on the intraspecific and interspecific size variations in palisade cells occurring in 76 woody species along an elevation gradient (1800–4500 m a.s.l.) on Gongga Montain (1400–7552 m a.s.l.) in southwest China, which included tropical and subtropical genera of broad-leaved forest flora including Salix hyperba as the species occurring on all elevations. We hypothesized that cell size is regulated by alterations in width-length scaling (L-D ratio) to mediate a surface-to-volume ratio (S/V) most suitable for the prevailing environmental conditions. 3. It was observed that cell size co-varied similarly with environmental conditions at the conspecifics, congenerics, and interspecifics levels investigated. Cell sizes decreased among conspecifics, or increase among congenerics and interspecifics via negative or positive scaling of width-length ratio at the cellular level. However, this dichotomously differing tendency may be ecologically constrained by both a cost-increasing and benefit-diminishing mechanism of cell dimension with increasing elevation at the species level, implying a ‘middle way’ strategy for species to stressed environments. 4. The implications of the results for regional floristic evolution are discussed.
Epimedium is well-known in China and East Asia due to high content of flavonoid derivatives, including icariin, epimedin A, epimedin B, and epimedin C, hereafter designated as bioactive components, which have been extensively utilized to cure many diseases. So far, the molecular mechanism of the bioactive components biosynthesis remains unclear. In the present study, the effect of light stress (24 h illumination) on the accumulation of bioactive components and the expression of flavonoid genes in Epimedium was investigated. Under light stress, the structural genes CHS1, CHI1, F3H, FLS, DFR1, DFR2, and ANS were remarkably up-regulated while CHS2 and F3′H were significantly down-regulated. For transcription factors, the expression of Epimedium MYB7 and TT8 were increased while Epimedium GL3, MYBF, and TTG1 expression were depressed. Additionally, the content of bioactive components was significantly decreased under light stress. Our results suggested that the decrease of bioactive compounds may be attributed to transcripts of late genes (DFRs and ANS) increased to a higher level than that of early genes (FLS and CHS1).
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