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Porównano profile biochemiczne, wzory lekowrażliwości, typy bakteriocynowe i bakteriofagowe pałeczek Gram-ujemnych wyizolowanych z gardła, krtani oraz ran pooperacyjnych pacjentów leczonych chirurgicznie z powodu raka krtani. Wykazano kolonizację ran pooperacyjnych endogennymi pałeczkami Enterobacter cloacae i Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) have become the most often isolated bacteria from blood culture, spinal fluid and respiratory tracts of neonates. These nosocomial strains are often resistant to oxacillin and other antibiotics (macrolides, aminoglycosides and fluorochinolones). 50 multidrug resistant CoNS strains isolated from bloodstream neonatal infections were tested for sensitivity to 23 lytic staphylococcus bacteriophages. No lytic patterns for 19 of the phages were observed. Phages P4, A3R and 676/Z were active against 46%, 54% and 56% of the strains, respectively. In general, 60% of CoNS isolates were susceptible to one or more of the staphylococcus bacteriophages.
Bacteriophages (phages) are bacterial viruses that interact with bacterial walls and invade bacterial cells. Moreover, they disturb bacterial metabolism and lead to bacteria lysis. In the case of Gram-negative bacteria crude phage cultures, apart from the phages themselves, the bacterial debris, bacterial proteins and nucleic acids contain endotoxins. These endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides) posses a high degree of toxicity in vitro and in vivo, and their removal is essential for safety in antibacterial bacteriophage therapy. An effective, scaleable purification of bacteriophages from endotoxins was accomplished by sequential ultrafiltration through polysulfone membrane (30 nm) followed by chromatography on sepharose 4B and Matrex Cellulofine Sulfate. The phage fraction after gel filtration chromatography routinely contained endotoxins in the 150-2500 EU/mL range. The procedure yielded bacteriophages contaminated with as little as 0.4-7 EU/ml (Limulus assay). This value lies within the permitted level for intravenous applications (5 EU/kg/h by European Pharmacopoeia, 1997)
The aim of this investigation was to reveal the regulatory properties of bacteriophage preparations in a model of mitogen-induced splenocyte proliferation in mice. We showed that sepharose 4B-purified preparations of the Staphylococcus aureus phage A20/R exhibited costimulatory activity in splenocyte proliferation induced by suboptimal (0.25 μg/ml) concentrations of ConA. On the other hand, the purified phage fraction was regulatory with regard to splenocyte proliferation induced by the optimal (2.5 μg/ml) ConA concentration. We also showed that the phage preparation can elicit IL-6 production in splenocyte cultures and enhance ConA-induced production of that cytokine. Furthermore, the phages preferentially induced IL-6 production in adherent splenocytes and increased levels of that cytokine in cultures of peritoneal cells from mice and rats. This phenomenon may explain the costimulatory activity of phages in the model described.
Antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections have caused serious therapeutic problem in medicine and veterinary practice. Resistance to antibiotics is currently increasing, which is related to, among other factors, the capability of bacteria to produce specific enzymes rendering them resistant to most available antibiotics. Renewed interest in the possibilities of using bacteriophages, viruses that can attack and destroy bacterial cells, in antibacterial therapy in humans and animals has been observed in many countries. Phage therapy of bacterial infections in humans has been conducted by our Institute since 1980. The most successful results were obtained in cases of meningitis, furunculosis, otitis media, cancer, and septicemia (100% of patients). Experimental phage therapy in animals is provided by many centers. Successful therapeutic and protective phage therapy has been observed in calves, piglets, lambs, chickens and mice. Our results on the phage treatment of colibacterosis in foxes, piglets and balanoposithis in bears have demonstrated its high effectiveness. A study on phage preparates for their use in bovine mastitis is currently underway.
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