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The objective of this research project was the estimation of the range of variability of biological properties of Arrhenatherum elatius affecting its nutritive value and reproductive potentials. Investigations were carried out in years 1996-1997 on plant material derived from the collection of Arrhenatherum elatius ecotypes. The evaluation of ecotypes took into consideration such traits as: tussock formation, size and morphological structure of generative shoots, assimilation area of leaf blades, capability of developing generative and vegetative shoots, plant vitality and date of heading. The above-mentioned investigations correspond with research results of other authors who undertake investigations on the biological variability of such species as: Alopecurus pratensis (GOLIŃSKA, 1999), Festuca protensis (SAWICKI, 1999), Dactylis glomerata (SCHMIDT, 1987) and others (KOZŁOWSKI, 1997). Within the examined ecotypes of Arrhenatherum elatius, a considerable variability of the following analysed biological properties. It can, therefore. be said that there are possibilities of undertaking breeding work with the aim to improve nutritive value and increase the reproductive potentials of cultivars of this species and consequently, boost up the importance of tall oat-grass as a fodder plant. The main impetus in breeding work should be directed towards the improvement of the morphological structure of generative shoots, especially the enlargement in the share of leaf blades and plant assimilation area. The application of assessment criteria with reference of the collected ecotypes allowed indicating the best materials to be used in breeding work.
Floristic and ornithological studies were carried out primarily in years 2002 and 2003 in the region of southern Wielkopolska within the confines of the Przygodzice Fish Pond complex. The complex covers the area of several hundred hectares of which a considerable part is taken up by fishponds, while the remaining area is occupied by forests and grass communities - both meadows and rushes. The Przygodzice Fish Ponds constitute a well-known and important ornitho-fauna shelter of European importance. The goal of the investigations was to ascertain the role of meadow communities and their plant cover in the quantitative and qualitative development of both breeding and migrant birds of the discussed region. The analysis of the list of bird species identified in the entire complex of the Przygodzice Fish Ponds in the years 1998-2001, which was prepared on the basis of our own research as well as studies conducted by other authors revealed that 61% of the entire ornitho-fauna of this area is closely linked, at various stages of their biology, with grass communities, mainly with meadows, and 35% of these birds are breeding species native of these communities. Detailed quantitative investigations on the bird populations were carried out within the framework of this study on two 70 ha arcas, marked off from two meadow complexes differing with regard to the intensity of their utilisalion and plant cover. The breeding ornitho-fauna of the examined complexes turned out quite similar with regard to the number of species but differed regarding their quality. Such bird species as: Crex crex, Gallinago gallinago, Saxicola torquata, Locustella naevia, Emberiza schoeniclus preferred meadows of distinctly mosaic plant cover dominated by rush plants and such grasses as: Phalaris arundinacea, Phragmites australis or Glyceria maxima, which had not been utilised for several years or utilised irregularly with neglected drainage ditches. On the other hand, such species as: Coturnix coturnix, Vanellus vanellus, Tringa totanus or Saxicola rubetra nested exclusively or in large quantities on meadows, which were utilised regularly with sward where pasture grasses prevailed. These meadows also turned out to be more attractive for migrating birds. The unqueslionable ornithological value of the Przygodzice Fish Pond complex depends, to a considerable extent, on the presence within its confines of meadows of various degrees of utilisalion and diversified plant cover. Their reduced utilisation, even to total abandonment, may lead to the quantitative and quatitative impoverishment of the ornitho-fauna of this region.
Grass and particularly meadow ecosystem represents a specific life community of plants and animals adjusted to ecological conditions and to the agricultural activity of man. Many meadow biotopes developed in natural habitat conditions were irrevocably destroyed in the process of fodder production, intensification and the accompanying land improvement by drainage. The preserved biotopes represent places where many plant and animal species exist, but they are also threatened by extinction. Therefore, they constitute an important link in the protection of the natural environment and its biological diversity. One of the most important refuges of waterfowl on the area of Wielkopolska are the meadows and rushes on Zgierzynieckie Lake covered by reservation protection. In the period of over 30-year monitoring studies, on the discussed area a total of 165 bird species were identified. Several species that are representative of this biotope have been covered by a detailed investigation program. These species include among others: bittern (Botaurus stelaris), crane (Grus grus), white stork (Ciconia ciconia) and goose (Anser anser), settling among others in such phytosociological associations as e.g. Typhetum angustifoliae, Phragmitetum australis, Caricetum gracilis, or Arrhenathereteum medioeuropaeum.”The Bolesław Papi Reserve on Zgierzynieckie Lake” together with the existing immediate surrounding represents a model example of a harmonious co-existence of unique elements of the natural environment and the possibility of agricultural utilisation of the adjacent areas.
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The paper presents results of our investigations on feed and landscape aspects of some selected herbaceous meadows of Great Poland region. Their floristic wealth makes the sward a valuable feed very attractive as regards its taste. Grazing herbaceous sward allows full coverage of animals’ requirements for most nutrients, while some minerals are supplied even in certain excess. The limiting factor which restricts the full fodder utilization of herbaceous meadows is their yield. However, any attempt to increase their productivity will inevitable lead to impoverishment of their floristic composition and reduce their durability. This, in turn, means devastation of natural sites and restriction of development of many different species of butterflies and birds. Herbaceous meadows should be preserved also for scenic landscape purposes. It seems that the landscape aspect of herbaceous meadows is more important than their nutritive value.
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