During the 2010 flood in the Odra basin a measuring campaign was executed that produced a set of data on peak discharges. Flow measurements located near gauging stations were taken from a boat with an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) equipped with a GPS. The paper presents a detailed analysis of the records, including referencing to ortophotomaps, to assess the quality of ADCP recording, local flow characteristics and finally to re-evaluate the total discharge values. Further, the flow is divided between the main channel and the floodplains, while the main channel in the case of the presence of groynes is additionally divided into a central zone between the groynes and zones of groynes. Partitioning of particular zones to the total discharge is calculated along with average and maximum local flow velocities. The study delivers data for the development of more reliable numerical modelling tools, which in turn may fulfil the measuring gaps in situ. It is shown that the modern field data acquisition GIS post processing, and numerical modelling support each other and improve the final overall result, bringing hydrologic products to a higher standard. The synergy of hydraulics and geoinformatics in hydrology is therefore highly recommendable.
W pracy, opierając się na wynikach pomiarów terenowych, oceniono rozwój form dennych i oporów przepływu w rzece Odrze Środkowej. Obiektem badawczym jest czterokilometrowy odcinek rzeki zlokalizowany poniżej przekroju wodowskazowego w Ścinawie (km 332). Cechą charakterystyczną wybranego odcinka rzeki jest regulacja ostrogami i zmiana trasy koryta z krzywoliniowej na prostoliniową. Pomiary wykonano w zakresie natężenia przepływu od 120 do 756 m3 · s–1 (SSQ = 180 m3 · s–1), przy głębokościach wody w korycie osiągających 6 m. W wybranych przekrojach pobrano materiał denny (piaszczysty i żwirowy), mierzono prędkości przepływu, rzędne zwierciadła wody, a także dokonano sondowania dna wzdłuż cieku, co pozwoliło na ustalenie topografii dna, tj. rodzaju i rozmiaru form dennych. Warunki hydrauliczne przeanalizowano z podziałem koryta na strefy przepływu pomiędzy ostrogami (pas regulacyjny) i strefy ostróg. Wyznaczono współczynnik szorstkości wg Manninga dla koryta z uwzględnieniem wpływu trasy. Na odcinku prostoliniowym opory przepływu zmieniają się nieznacznie, natomiast na odcinku krzywoliniowym są wyższe i wzrastają wraz z przepływem. Formy denne rozwijają się w zakresie wydm, osiągając wysokość 1 m, i podczas wezbrań ekstremalnych może wystąpić reżim ich rozmywania (liczba Froude’a < 0,34), jednak bez znaczącego wpływu na redukcję oporów przepływu w części koryta. Ponadto wpływ tej zmienności na przepływ całkowity traci na znaczeniu ze względu na to, iż podczas wezbrań udział przepływu korytowego w całkowitym relatywnie spada. Określone współczynniki szorstkości stanowią wartości „bezpieczne” w ocenie zdolności przepustowej Odry Środkowej.
The major changes in the muscular metabolism manifest themselves in the first phase following the infection (up to about the 20th day). The main source of energy is then constituted by fat metabolism, whereas in the second one the sugar metabolism takes the upper hand. The activity of the Krebs cycle is also diminished, particularly that of fumarase enzymes, malic acid dehydrogenase and alfa-ketoglutarate decarboxylase, in contrast to the conspicuous increase in the activity of succinic oxydase, which might suggest a damage to the Keilin-Warburg system in the mitochondria.
The previous own studies on the metablism of Trichinella spiralis indicate that larvae utilize the sugar energy mostly through the mediation of pentose-phosphorus cycle, which also accounts for a slight participation of bi- and tricarboxylic acids in the parasite energetics. Phosphorylating glycolysis plays a negligible role. The respiration rate being affected to a comparatively slight degree by individual sugars, this would indicate that larvae might utilize their own sugar reserves or take up a reduced amount of examined sugars.
The aim of our study was to describe anatomical variability of the root entry zone (REZ), also called the Ohersteiner--Redlich zone, that represents the "junction zone" of glia and Schwann sheath of the cranial nerves. This zone has some clinical implications. The pulsatile compression of REZ by a vessel may produce clinical symptoms, such us trigeminal neuralgia, hemifacial spasm, glossopharyngeal neuralgia torticollis spasmodicus or even symptoms of essential hypertension when a vascular crross compression of REZ of a left vagus nerve is present. The vessel - cranial nerve contact in the skull base cysterns may be visualized in radiologic examinations, most accurately in magnetic resonance imaging. Because, we cannot distinguish the REZ from the rest of the vagus nerve in radiologic examinations we decided to measure the lenght of its REZ. The microanatomical study of the lenght of REZ zone of the vagus nerve was performed on 2l nerves taken from 17 human brain stems (12 men, 5 women, 14 left, 7 right), fixed with 8% buffered, formalin solution. Paraffin embedded tissue was cut into 1O-um-thick sections pararellel to the nerve longitudinal axis and stained with hematoxilin & eosin. Each of the nerves showed the presence of a zone of oligodendrocyte myelination, mean lenght 2 ą 0.3 mm. In 17 nerves the transitional zone formred a cone-like process, in 4 nerves was shaped irregularly. The length of REZ (oligodendrocyte myelination plus "glial dome") had the mean length 3.5 ą 0,9 mm.
The aim of the study was to assess the impact of modulating factors on vascular smooth muscle cells reactivity. Vascular resistance was induced by the administration of increasing concentrations of imidazole. The experiments were performed on isolated and perfused tail artery of Wistar rats (weight 250 g – 350 g). Rats were been narcotized by urethane (intraperitoneal injection) at a dose of 120 mg/kg, stunned and then sacrificed by cervical dislocation. In the following investigation classical pharmacometric methods were used. Relationships between concentration-response curves (CRCs) for imidazole observed in the presence of ODQ [(1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo-[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one)], 7-nitroindazole and indomethacin were analyzed. Imidazole-induced contractility of vascular smooth muscle cells was independent from alpha-adrenergic receptors and PLC activity. Reactivity of VSMCsinduced by imidazole, was significantly changed in the presence of ODQ and 7-nitroindazole.