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During ageing, meat undergoes many structural and biochemical changes which make it possible to obtain meat of specific taste and physico-chemical parameters. One of the most important quality parameters is meat tenderness and juiciness. This work presents the results of studies concerning the possible effect of intramuscular connective tissue (IMCT) on the final meat quality. The amount, quality and organization of this tissue depend on the type of muscle, as well as its location in the carcass and function in the body. Muscles with high amounts of IMCT are generally less tender due to a considerable collagen content. The breakdown of IMCT network increases collagen solubility and decreases the number of extracellular matrix components, which may lead to increased meat tenderness and reduced meat juiciness. However, the final meat quality is determined not only by the proportion of connective tissue in the muscle structure, the size and organization of collagen fibres, the intramuscular fat content and the total collagen level, but also by the soluble collagen content. The effect of IMCT on the final meat quality requires further research, mainly at the molecular level.
Integrins are a family of transmembrane adhesion proteins. An integrin molecule is composed of two subunits called α and β, each of which has a large extracellular domain, a transmembrane fragment, and a short cytoplasmic sequence. The main function of integrin is to bind extracellular matrix proteins and the skeletal muscle cell membrane. In addition, integrin as a membrane receptor is involved in signal transduction and cell response to microenvironmental signals, by relaying information about the structure and composition of the cell environment. Postmortem integrin degradation has been the subject of several studies, mainly in pork, where the mechanisms of postmortem integrin degradation are not completely understood. Therefore, the aim of the study was to present current knowledge on the role of integrin in postmortem drip loss in pork. Research to date has shown that postmortem integrin degradation could contribute to the formation of drip channels between the cell body and cell membrane of muscle fibers, which increases the drip loss from pork.
The increasing production potential of birds is correlated with a lower health and immune potential, resulting in the appearance of numerous meat quality defects. The greatest concern for gallinaceous poultry (chickens and turkeys) is PSE meat, which is characterized by light colour, soft texture and a reduced water-binding capacity. The aim of the study was to compare plasma corticosterone concentration, muscle fibre diameter, and the apoptotic markers between normal and pale, soft, exudative (PSE) turkey breast muscles. The results show, that the PSE group is characterized by a significantly higher plasma corticosterone concentration and a significantly greater muscle fibre diameter at 30 min post mortem compared to the normal group. The time of refrigerated storage (4°C) of meat contributes significantly to reducing muscle fibre diameter in the PSE group at 24 h post mortem compared to 30 min post mortem. Additionally, the results obtain showed that the caspase-3 activity at 30 min post mortem increased significantly in the turkey breast muscles of PSE compared with the normal group. Moreover, the PSE group demonstrated the higher apoptotic potential measured in the breast muscle of turkey compared with the normal group. It is stated from the obtained results that the incidence of PSE meat in turkeys may be associated with their higher susceptibility to stress factors and stressinduced pathological states.
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