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Intestines and livers of 167 slaughter rabbits from south-eastern Poland were investigated in 2007. 124 rabbits (slaughtered at three different times) came from small farms and 43 from an industrial rabbit farm. Protozoon from genus Eimeria was recognized in 160 rabbits (94.80%), but only in some of them gross pathological lesions in the intestines or liver were found. Intestinal coccidia were found, depending on the group, in 86-96% of rabbits while liver coccidia in 25-60%. The total number of 9 species of Eimeria spp. were found. Among intestinal coccidia the most prevalent were E. piriformis, E. media, E. perforans, E. intestinalis, E. magna; also common were Eimeria stiedai (located in the liver). The extensiveness of invasion by individual species was different for the investigated groups. The intensity of invasion was the lowest in rabbits from the industrial farm, which suggested that prophylactic procedures had been in place. The analysis of Veterinary Inspection reports (RRW-6) showed that during the last 10 years rabbit coccidiosis has been responsible for a great part of lesions diagnosed in slaughter houses, however it has rarely caused rabbit carcasses to be declared unfit for human consumption.
Reptiles are becoming increasingly popular animals in amateur husbandry in Poland and worldwide. The world literature, however, does not provide data on the actual causes of radiological and ultrasound consultations in certain groups of animals, including reptiles. The aim of the study was the analysis of causes and results of diagnostic imaging examinations. The study was based on the data of 75 lizards which were patients of the university diagnostic imaging service in the years 2006-2014. The most common clinical signs in those animals were visible body deformations (33.33%), loss of body weight (30.67%) and loss of appetite (26.67%). In cases in which a preliminary diagnosis had been made, the largest proportion of animals were referred with suspected post-traumatic changes (12%), dystocia (10.67%) and ileus (9.33%). In diagnostic imaging tests, musculoskeletal (29.33%) and coelomic abnormalities (40.33%) were most commonly confirmed. Coelomic changes affected mainly the liver, reproductive system and gastrointestinal tract. For the musculoskeletal system, the most frequently identified causes were the presence of post-traumatic changes, malformations of the vertebral column, as well as metabolic bone disease. Cardiorespiratory and urinary problems were observed only sporadically. In twenty-two animals (29.33%), radiographic and ultrasound examinations failed to establish a diagnosis. The results of this study provide valuable data on the cross-section of the most common problems leading to diagnostic imaging evaluation in lizards. This research demonstrates that, despite the growing popularity of exotic animals, most of the problems diagnosed in such animals still arise from inappropriate breeding and housing conditions. In most cases, diagnostic imaging provides valuable information, making it possible to implement further steps.
Trichomonads are anaerobic, flagellated protists belonging to the large phylum Parabasalia. In most cases, they exist as endosymbionts – harmless comensals of invertebrates and vertebrates – but several species are considered to be imported intestinal or urogenital parasites of humans and other animals. This paper presents current information on the taxonomy, morphology and biology of trichomonads. The characterization of invasiology followed by the description of virulence factors and pathogenic mechanisms of trichomonads is presented. The present paper also reviews diagnostic methods, treatment and prevention of trichomoniasis.
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