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W marchwi stosowanej w żywieniu pacjentów szpitala CZMP oznaczono zawartość azotanów i azotynów. Ogółem zbadano 274 próbki marchwi. Badania wykonano w latach 1989-1995. Stwierdzono, że przekroczenie dopuszczalnego poziomu azotanów wystąpiło w 20% próbek.
According to the recommendations of experts healthy and nutritious, well balanced and varied diet should contain fruit and vegetables. This large group of products, having low energetic value, is an excellent source of various valuable and necessary for normal functioning of human organisms constituents, such as bioactive antioxidants, minerals and dietary fibre, juices being processed products have slightly higher glycemic index (CI) than the raw material used for their production, however, are still classified as low CI products (below 55). Taking into consideration energetic value of juices it may be concluded that their consumption at moderate amounts, it is 7 portion a day (200 ml), does not affect body weight. However, they supply numerous, valuable nutrients. A myth is also negative influence on teeth health of juices, especially when taken during the main meals. New EU directive for juices does not allow use of sugar for their production; however, they may be produced with the addition of puree, mineral components and vitamins. This will result in composition closer to the raw material used in their production and will increase pro-health benefits resulting from their consumption.
Nieprawidłowe nawyki żywieniowe u dziewcząt z jadłowstrętem psychicznym prowadzą do znacznych niedoborów składników odżywczych i w efekcie mogą doprowadzić do skrajnego wyniszczenia organizmu. Autorzy przedstawili analizę sposobu żywienia 20 pacjentek z jadłowstrętem psychicznym przed rozpoczęciem leczenia klinicznego. Wartość energetyczna dziennych racji pokarmowych badanych dziewcząt była średnio poniżej wymaganego poziomu na podstawową przemianę materii. Odpowiednia dieta jest kluczowym czynnikiem w terapii chorych z jadłowstrętem psychicznym.
The legal principles concerning food products labeling were changęd in the European Union in 2011 (Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2011). In addition to the mandatory nutrition declaration on a product label, it is now allowed to give voluntary Information in the form of "nutrition claim" or "health claim". Following this new regulation, the Information about particular nutritional constituent, vitamin or mineral, or a group of constituents, may appear on the package only if its' amount is at least "significant" for health. At present, the puhlished positive Community list contains above 200 health and nutritional claims approved. Placement on the product label and in advertisement such valuable information may contribute to a change in consumer attitudes toward food and nutrition. The authors discuss some issues connected to the content of several nutrients in fruit and vegetables in relation to possible health and nutrition claims, taking into account also promotion of processed products.
In some EU countries, simplified information systems for consumers are developed to inform them about nutritious values. These are e.g. traffic lights and food-choice logo. Juices produced according to the EU directive fulfill criteria for healthy products. 100% pureed juices, especially vegetable juices, are a category of products, which may fulfill conditions set for health and nutritional claims considering the content of several mineral constituents (especially potassium) and vitamins (C, B₆, foliates, β-carotene i vitamin K), and even dietary fibre. Vegetable juices are a better source of nutrients than fruit juices, having also much lower content of carbohydrates, including sugars, and lower caloric value. In some countries, significant position occupy "smoothies", however, this category of products has not been regulated by official rules, contrary to fruit juices. In Poland homogenized juices and nectars based on puree are considered as "smoothies". It is necessary for the industry to adapt to changing market requirements related to legislation changes and to the requirements of rational nutrition. The industry must also take into account wrong habits of the consumers established over many decades. Use of nutritional and health claims may play important role in changing consumers habits but their reliability should be rigorously controlled.
In many scientific publications beneficial role of consumption of fruit, vegetables and their products in the prevention of chronic diseases has been mentioned. Scientists agree that the increased consumption of these products is beneficial to health, even though the results can not always be explained on the basis of nutrients content. It is believed that fruits and vegetables and their products should be part of at least 3 meals a day in every balanced diet. The paper presents an analysis of the intake of selected nutrients from fruits, vegetables and their products consumed daily in Poland, per capita. Most favorable is the balance of the ascorbic acid (vitamin C), which comes in more or less equal quantities from fruits and vegetables. Juices are also a significant source of vitamin C. At current levels of consumption, the fruit is better than vegetable source of copper and manganese, and vegetables provide more potassium, folate, β-carotene and vitamin K. Other than fruits and vegetables sources of supply for minerals and vitamins are mentioned. From the point of view of public health, considering the high nutrient density and low energy density of fruits and vegetables it would be advantageous to double their consumption in Poland compared to the present level.
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