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Diving ducks Aythyini Delacour et Mayr, 1945 are an interesting object of the parasitological studies because due to living in two environments (aquatic and terrestrial) and migrating over long distances, they can come into contact with many potential hosts for parasites. In the recent years, a decrease in the population of diving ducks has been observed, especially of the tufted duck and the scaup. Both of them remain the most common species found in the region of West Pomerania, so the presented research is limited to the parasitological studies of these two species of ducks. The aim of this study was to determine the taxonomic structure of the cestodofauna of two species of diving ducks, the tufted duck and the scaup, wintering in north-west Poland. The research material consisted of 14,734 tapeworms collected from digestive tracts of 256 birds, 174 tufted ducks Aythya fuligula (Linnaeus, 1758) and 82 scaups A. marila (Linnaeus, 1761). All identified tapeworms obtained from digestive tracts of the hosts belonged to the Hymenolepididae family (order Cyclophyllidea). A total of 25 species of 9 genera were identified in the cestodofauna of the tufted duck, while in the cestodofauna of the scaup: 12 species of 7 genera. During 10 years of studies out of all of the 26 recorded species, 6 have been found in Poland for the first time. Moreover, 13 new, unlisted parasite-host relationships have been identified: 7 in the digestive tract of the tufted duck and 6 in the scaup.
During the parasitological examination of 288 wild ducks from north-western Poland, 18 tapeworms were found in the intestines (jejunum, ileum and rectum) of six birds, which, based on the structure of the scolex, internal organs and the presence of cirrus with an internal additional sac, were determinated as Dicranotaenia stenosacculata Macko, 1988. Tapeworms were found in two young females Bucephala clangula, one young female Aythya marila as well as two adult males Aythya fuligula. The aim of the study was to present the morphological and ecological characteristics of the species, recently discovered for the first time in the fauna of Poland.
During standard parasitological research on West Pomeranian ducks, conducted by the Laboratory of Biology and Ecology of Parasites in the years 2000–2011, 16 tapeworms were found in the intestines of five Malards (Anas platyrhynchos) and one Tufted Duck (Aythya fuligula). The tapeworms were classified as Microsomacanthus baeri Czaplinski & Vaucher 1977 on the basis of the segments’ internal structure. The presence of this tapeworm in Polish fauna has been indicated beforehand, however, the reports were merely of a contributory character, thus the aim of this thesis was a morphometric characteristic of this parasite.
Nematodes from the genera Tetrameres (Creplin 1846) are cosmopolitan and polyxenic parasites of birds living inland or associated with aquatic environment. These parasites are characterized by a strong sexual dimorphism and strict topospecificity, limited to the proventriculus of the host. The aim of this paper is the presentation of the morphological and ecological characteristics of T. spinosa rarely observed in Europe (Maplestone, 1931) yet typical for wild birds from the Far East. The examined nematodes were isolated from the alimentary canals of 1005 wildAnatinae (Anseriformes:Anatidae). The parasites were measured using a micrometer eyepiece, and the analysis of the quantitative structure was performed using the following parameters: extensiveness, intensity, relative density, and dominance index. The morphological description of T. spinosa in this paper is generally consistent with known information on the species, although certain differences were observed in the anatomy of some structures near the mouth of the nematode. The nematode was found in 46 out of the 1005 examined ducks (4.6%), and representing the following species: Aythya ferina, A. fuligula, A. marila, Clangula hyemalis and Melanitta nigra. The typical hosts are ducks from the genus Aythya wintering in the southwestern Baltic.
The purpose of this study was to present the structure of nematofauna community with particular emphasis on stomach (proventriculus and gizzard) nematodes in wild ducks wintering in large numbers in the North-Western Poland. Hosts (n=152) were represented by 17 species from eight genera belonging to three different ecological tribes: Anatini, Aythyini, and Mergini. Parasitic nematodes (n=14,396) were found in the digestive tract of 813 out of 1,052 birds (77.3%), with the vast majority of nematodes (93.9%) found in the gizzard (n=7,326) and proventriculus (n=6,198). Nematodes isolated from these organs represented 21 species from six families: Amidostomatidae, Acuariidae, Tetrameridae, Dioctophymatidae, Ascarididae, and Anisakidae. The most prevalent were nematodes from the genus Amidostomoides (n=6,686 individuals; 49.4%), and the most dominant species was A. monodon (5,013 nematodes).
During parasitological studies of 23 Eurasian coot Fulica atra (Linnaeus, 1758), 91 nematodes were isolated. Three of them, found in the proventriculus, were identified as Tetrameres globosa (Linstow, 1879). This paper presents the morphological characteristics of the discovered males of T. globosa.
Cloacotaenia megalops (Nitzsch in Creplin, 1892) is a polyxenic and cosmopolitan tapeworm from the family Hymenolepididae. Its generic name derives from their typical location (cloaca), and the typical final hosts which are birds typically associated with water and marsh environments: Anseriformes, Galliformes and Gruiformes. In Poland, the presence of C. megalops has been observed so far in 16 species of ducks from the Baltic coast, the Mazurian Lake District, Wielkopolsko-Kujawska Lowland, Mazovian Lowland, and Podlasie Lowland. In Western Pomerania, quantitative structure analyses were only carried out on Anas platyrhynchos, and therefore the aim of this study was the detailed analysis of environmental populations of C. megalops in wild ducks. The examined tapeworms were isolated from the digestive tract of 1005 wild ducks representing 17 species belonging to three different eco-tribes: Anatini (n=225), Aythyini (n=413) and Mergini (n=367), from northwestern Poland. During the study 187 C. megalops were found in 89 birds (8.8% of examined ducks) belonging to 7 species: Anas crecca (common teal), A. querquedula (garganey), A. platyrhynchos (mallard) (Anatini); Aythya ferina (pochard), A. fuligula (tufted duck), A. marila (greater scaup) (Aythyini) and Bucephala clangula (goldeneye) (Mergini). The results show the differences in the quantitative structure of C. megalops among the examined species of ducks. The highest prevalence was found in mallard (18.6%) and the lowest in greater scaup (3.2%). The highest mean intensity was observed in greater scaup (4.0), and the lowest in garganey and common teal (1.0). Relative density was at a similar level in the tested birds. Based on the ratio of dominance, it was found that C. megalops is a rare species in the cestodofauna in the examined birds.
This paper presents the results of a parasitological section performed on three pigeons (two young males and one adult female), Columba livia f. domestica, brought from northern Germany (Kiel) to a private farm in Szczecin in autumn 2010.After two weeks of their stay in Poland the birds died. During the parasitological section of the intestine of one young male, Markewitchella bonini (Megnin 1899) Spassky et Spasskaja 1972, determined as a tapeworm from the family Davaineidae Braun, 1900, was found for the first time in Polish and German fauna. The tapeworms were prepared as solid preparations stained with acetocarmine. Characteristic for this cestode species is an intermediate host – terrestrial molluscs. First named Davainea bonini (Megnin, 1899), as a parasite of birds of the genus Columba, M. bonini has so far been recorded in Bulgaria, Moldova, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Russia, Iran and France, where its presence was observed in Columba palumbus, Palumbus torquatus, Gallus gallus f. dom. and in the genus Anas.
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