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The objective of this study was to determine selected quality indicators and to evaluate the acceptability of traditional dishes from the Region of Warmia on the example of dzyndzałki z hreczką i skrzeczkami (dumplings stuffed with buckwheat topped with sour cream and bacon). The nutritional value of the analyzed dish was determined from the recipe. The index of nutritional quality (INQ) was calculated based on an empirical formula. To determine the correct balance of an exemplary daily meal, reference GDA values were used to supplement the meal with an additional dish – chłodnik. The dish was prepared three times and evaluated by flavor profiling. The dish was analyzed to determine its sodium chloride content, DPPH· radical scavenging activity and inhibition of synthetic LDL cholesterol oxidation. Dumplings have a high energy content of 305 kcal per 100 g serving, which provides 8.5 g of protein, 15.8 g of fat, 78 mg of cholesterol and nearly 35 g of carbohydrates. The dish is a very good source of sodium, but not enough calcium, vitamins A and C.The INQ values of the remaining minerals and vitamins were determined in the range of 0.5–0.7. The dish is characterized by a low antioxidant capacity (12.9%) and it is not capable of inhibiting the oxidation of synthetic LDL cholesterol (C₅₀ < 1). Dumplings received high scores in a sensory evaluation. The dish combined distinctive sensory attributes characteristic of its ingredients, in particular spices, and significant differences in quality indicators were observed between the aroma and taste of marjoram and fat. Atypical, foreign and pungent aromas or tastes were not detected. The results of this study indicate that regional dishes prepared with the use of locally available ingredients and traditional recipes can be a valuable component of the contemporary diet.
Celem podjętych badań było określenie wpływu podawania 39 zdrowym, dorosłym osobom przygotowanych ekstraktów herbaty na zawartość składników mineralnych we krwi badanych osób. Wolontariuszom zalecono spożywanie codziennych racji pokarmowych opracowanego jadłospisu dekadowego oraz wypicie trzech porcji naparów z czarnej herbaty liściastej Assam przez okres 4 tygodni. Przed rozpoczęciem doświadczenia i po jego zakończeniu wolontariuszom pobrano krew w celu oznaczenia zawartości Na, K, Ca, P, Mg, Fe. Podawanie wolontariuszom ekstraktów herbaty nie zakłóciło funkcjonowania mechanizmów regulujących homeostazę sodu, potasu, wapnia, magnezu, fosforu i żelaza w organizmie. Zaobserwowano wprawdzie obniżenie zawartości wapnia w surowicy krwi badanych osób, jednak stężenie tego pierwiastka było zbliżone do norm fizjologicznych ustalonych dla zdrowych, dorosłych osób.
Kapsułkowanie to technika, w której jeden materiał lub mieszanina materiałów zamykane są wewnątrz innego materiału. Zawartość kapsułek jest uwalniana stopniowo, w sposób kontrolowany, w momencie, w którym kapsułka ulega destrukcji. W produktach spożywczych metoda ta jest używana w celu przedłużenia trwałości oraz ochrony nietrwałych składników żywności przed wpływem działania środowiska zewnętrznego. Ścianki mikrokapsułek są zazwyczaj zbudowane z żelatyny, pochodnych celulozy, tłuszczów oraz wosków. Do najważniejszych zalet mikrokapsułkowania, z technologicznego punktu widzenia, zalicza się przede wszystkim wydłużenie trwałości produktu, stabilizację produktów nietrwałych oraz poprawę cech organoleptycznych. Mikrokapsułkowanie jest techniką stosowaną do ochrony bioaktywnych składników żywności - polifenoli, wielonienasyconych kwasów tłuszczowych, witamin i składników mineralnych, bakterii probiotycznych czy enzymów.
Ocenę wartości odżywczej białka przeprowadzono na rosnących szczurach (samce) szczepu Wistar metodą wydajności wzrostowej białka (PER). Współczynniki strawności pozornej (AD) i rzeczywistej (TD) białka, wartości biologicznej białka (BV) określono metodą bilansu azotowego w pierwszym tygodniu 4-tygodniowego doświadczenia wzrostowego. Współczynnik wykorzystania białka netto (NPU) wyliczono na podstawie wartości współczynników TD i BV. Zwierzęta żywiono dietami o następującym składzie: białko - 13,2% (Nx6,38), tłuszcz (olej sojowy) - 8%, mieszanina witamin (AOAC 1975) - 1%, składniki mineralne (NRC USA 1978) - 4%, cukier - 10%, skrobia ziemniaczana - 5%, skrobia kukurydziana jako komponent uzupełniający. Sporządzono 4 diety: dieta I (Dl) - kontrolna bez dodatku kakao, pozostałe trzy zawierały dodatek kakao odpowiednio na poziomie: 3% (D2), 5% (D3), 8% (D4). Dodatek kakao do diet doświadczalnych nie wpływał istotnie na wartość odżywczą ich białka, wyrażoną współczynnikami uzyskanymi w doświadczeniu wzrostowym. Spożycie przez szczury diet zawierających kakao istotnie obniżało strawność pozorną białka oraz nie wywierało negatywnego wpływu na wartości pozostałych bilansowych wskaźników charakteryzujących wykorzystanie białka w organizmie zwierząt.
Background. Natural mineral waters may be an essential source of calcium, magnesium and other minerals. In bottled waters, minerals occur in an ionized form which is very well digestible. However, the concentration of minerals in underground waters (which constitute the material for the production of bottled waters) varies. In view of the above, the type of water consumed is essential. Objective. The aim of the study was to estimate the calcium and magnesium contents in products available on the market and to evaluate calcium and magnesium consumption with natural mineral water by different consumer groups with an assumed volume of the consumed product. Material and methods. These represented forty different brands of natural mineral available waters on Polish market. These waters were produced in Poland or other European countries. Among the studied products, about 30% of the waters were imported from Lithuania, Latvia, Czech Republic, France, Italy and Germany. The content of calcium and magnesium in mineral waters was determined using flame atomic absorption spectrometry in an acetylene-air flame. Further determinations were carried out using atomic absorption spectrometer - ICE 3000 SERIES-THERMO-England, equipped with a GLITE data station, background correction (a deuterium lamp) as well as other cathode lamps. Results. Over half of the analysed natural mineral waters were medium-mineralized. The natural mineral waters available on the market can be characterized by a varied content of calcium and magnesium and a high degree of product mineralization does not guarantee significant amounts of these components. Among the natural mineral waters available on the market, only a few feature the optimum calcium-magnesium proportion (2:1). Considering the mineralization degree of the studied products, it can be stated that the largest percentage of products with significant calcium and magnesium contents can be found in the high-mineralized water group. Conclusions. For some natural mineral waters, the consumption of 1 litre daily may ensure the recommended intake levels of calcium and magnesium in some consumer groups to a considerable degree. For 1-3 -year-old children it is recommended to consume less than 1 litre daily of natural mineral waters containing an excess of 700 mg of calcium and 80 mg of magnesium in 1 litre.
W artykule przedstawiono mechanizm procesów trawienia triacylogliceroli (TG) i wchłaniania produktów hydrolizy enzymatycznej tłuszczów. Omówiono zawartość tłuszczu, profil kwasów tłuszczowych (SFA, MUFA, PUFA), witamin rozpuszczalnych w tłuszczach (A, D, E) oraz cholesterolu w wybranych produktach spożywczych. Scharakteryzowano wielkość spożycia wybranych grup żywności i tłuszczu w gospodarstwach domowych w Polsce.
Background. Natural mineral waters are purchased and consumed according to consumer preferences and possible recommendations. The choice of appropriate water should take into account not only the general level of mineralization but also the content of individual components, including electrolytes such as sodium and potassium. Sodium is necessary to ensure the proper physiological functions of the body. It is defined as a health risk factor only when its excessive intake occurs. Potassium acts antagonistically towards sodium and calcium ions, contributes to a reduction of the volume of extracellular fluids and at the same time reduces muscle tension and permeability of cell membranes. The demand for sodium and potassium is of particular importance in people expending significant physical effort, where an increased electrolyte supply is recommended. Objective. The aim of the study was to estimate the content of sodium and potassium in natural mineral waters available in the Polish market and to evaluate the intake of those components with the commercially available mineral waters by different groups of consumers at the assumed volume of their consumption. Material and Methods. The research material consisted of natural mineral waters of forty various brands available on the Polish market. The examined products were either produced in Poland or originated in other European countries. Among the products under examination, about 30% of the waters were imported from Lithuania, Latvia, the Czech Republic, France, Italy and Germany. A sample for analyses consisted of two package units of the examined water from different production lots. Samples for research were collected at random. The study was conducted with the same samples in in which calcium and magnesium content was determined, which was the subject of the first part of the study [6]. The content of sodium and potassium was determined using the emission technique (acetylene-air flame), with the use of atomic absorption spectrometer – ICE 3000 SERIES – THERMO – England, equipped with a GLITE data station, with wavelengths of 589.0 nm and 766.5 nm, respectively. Results. The obtained research results indicate a high differentiation of the content of both sodium and potassium in natural mineral waters available on the Polish market, particularly in medium- and highly-mineralized waters. The consumption of 1 liter of low-mineralized natural mineral water ensures recommendations concerning the amount of sodium intake only in a limited scope, while in case of products of medium and high level of mineralization, it is much diversified. On the other hand, potassium supply with one liter of natural mineral water may ensure no more than several percent of the recommended daily intake of this component. Conclusions. The high diversification of sodium content in natural mineral waters available on the Polish market should encourage the analysis of their composition to avoid health disorders in a given group of consumers. The natural mineral waters examined in the study, at the assumed volume of their daily consumption, are not a good source of potassium for the population groups under analysis.
Background. The nutrition of pre-school children often does not follow the recommendations, and qualitatively and quantitatively limited selection of products in the diet shapes an attitude of aversion towards new products and dishes. The risk of deficiencies in many important nutrients emerges, particularly in vitamins and mineral components, which can affect the psychophysical development of the child and have an impact on nutritional status and health disorders in adulthood. Objective. Study of dietary preferences in pre-school children and identify possible food aversions. Material and methods. Nutritional preferences of pre-school children in Olsztyn were examined using a questionnaire prepared in a graphic form, presenting images of 40 food products classified into 5 groups, and the acceptance level and knowledge of the product was established. Results. The values of Cole’s index proving the proper nutritional status of pre-school children were obtained for about 87% of the examined group, excessive nutrition was observed in more than 4% of the examined group, about 2% of the group demonstrated obesity and mild malnutrition was observed in about 7% of the examined children. A high acceptance rate of sweets and fast-food products by children was observed. A high degree of preference for milk was recorded, as well as traditional and cognitive aversion for kefir. In the group of fruit and vegetables, both a high degree of preference and aversions to all indicated vegetables and fruit were observed. Taste determined the results, with high acceptance for the sweet taste and rejection or a neutral attitude towards sour and bitter products Conclusions. Food aversions, by reducing the intake of food products, can result in nutritional deficiencies, affecting the psychosomatic development and cognitive abilities of the child. Traditional and cognitive food aversions was observed towards kefir, cheeses and most of vegetables. A high level of preference was observed in relation towards sweet and fast food products and a low acceptance level for selected vegetables, fruits and dairy products.
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